Live group video streaming

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to systems, non-transitory computer-readable media, and methods for accurately, flexibly, and efficiently broadcasting public combined live video streams from multiple participant devices, which change over the course of the live broadcast, as well as generating dynamic user interfaces that streamline adding, removing, and swapping participant devices from the public combined live video stream. In particular, a live video streaming system facilitates compositing live video streams from multiple participant devices into a public combined live video stream within a digital room before broadcasting the public combined live video stream to viewer devices. In addition, the live video stream smoothly and efficiently transitions new participant devices from a digital waiting room to the public combined live video stream as well as switches current participant devices from the public combined live video stream to a digital waiting room, all while maintaining live video stream of the participant devices.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/392,112 filed on Aug. 2, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 17/011,602, filed on Sep. 3, 2020 which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 11,082,467. Each of the aforementioned applications ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Recent years have seen significant technological improvements inhardware and software platforms for sharing user-generated digitalmedia. For example, conventional video sharing systems can facilitate aclient device capturing and sharing video communications with otherclient devices across computer networks. Often, these conventionalsystems facilitate live video sharing across client devices. Despitemany advances, conventional video sharing systems continue to sufferfrom a number of technical drawbacks particularly in relation toefficiency, flexibility, and accuracy of implementing computer systemsin providing and facilitating public combined live video streams frommultiple client devices.

SUMMARY

One or more implementations described herein provide benefits and/orsolve one or more of the foregoing or other problems in the art withmethods, non-transitory computer-readable media, and systems thataccurately, flexibly, and efficiently broadcast a public combined livevideo stream from multiple devices, which change throughout the livebroadcast, as well as generate dynamic user interfaces that streamlineadding, removing, and swapping participant devices with respect to thepublic combined live video stream. To illustrate, in response toreceiving video streams from multiple participant devices, the disclosedsystems can generate a digital room for the participant devices. In oneor more implementations, the disclosed systems combine the video streamsfrom the participant devices into a single combined live video streamand provide the combined live video stream to the participant deviceswithin the digital room. In addition, based on receiving a broadcastrequest from a participant device in the digital room, the disclosedsystems can broadcast the combined live video stream as a publiccombined live video stream to an audience of viewer devices.

In additional implementations, the disclosed systems can generate adigital waiting room during the public combined live video stream wherea pending participant device can prepare to join the public combinedlive video stream. For example, the disclosed systems can generate adigital waiting room that includes an additional video stream from apending participant device. In addition, the disclosed systems canprovide the pending participant device with a digital waiting room userinterface that includes the live video stream of the digital waitingroom as well as the public combined live video stream. Similarly, thedisclosed systems can provide one or more of the participant deviceswith a user interface that includes both the live video stream of thedigital waiting room as well as the public combined live video stream.Moreover, the disclosed systems can generate and provide other digitalrooms, such as a post-participation waiting room and an after broadcastroom, along with corresponding room interfaces.

Further, the disclosed systems can dynamically add viewer devices to thepublic combined live video stream. For example, in one or moreimplementations, while broadcasting the public combined live videostream to multiple viewer devices, the disclosed systems can identifyactivity metrics associated with the viewer devices. Based on analyzingthe activity metrics, the disclosed systems can identify a target viewerdevice to participate in the public combined live video stream. Indeed,the disclosed systems can add the target viewer device to the publiccombined live video stream as a participant device. Additionally, thedisclosed systems can remove or swap participant devices in the publiccombined live video stream with other viewer devices based on theactivity metrics, as further described below.

Additional features and advantages of one or more implementations of thepresent disclosure are outlined in the following description, and inpart will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by thepractice of such example implementations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description provides one or more implementations withadditional detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, asbriefly described below.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system environment forimplementing a live video streaming system in accordance with one ormore implementations.

FIG. 2 illustrates a sequence diagram of generating and broadcasting apublic combined live video stream to viewer devices in accordance withone or more implementations.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate graphical user interfaces for launching andbroadcasting a public combined live video stream in accordance with oneor more implementations.

FIG. 4 illustrates an overview diagram of utilizing multiple digitalrooms to improve a public combined live video stream in accordance withone or more implementations.

FIG. 5 illustrates a sequence diagram of generating and utilizing adigital preparation room in connection with a public combined live videostream in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate graphical user interfaces of a digitalpreparation room on various client devices in accordance with one ormore implementations.

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate graphical user interfaces of a public combinedlive video stream on various client devices in accordance with one ormore implementations.

FIG. 8 illustrates a sequence diagram of generating and utilizing adigital waiting room in connection with a public combined live videostream in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate graphical user interfaces that include a digitalwaiting room and/or a public combined live video stream on variousclient devices in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 10 illustrates a sequence diagram of generating and utilizing adigital post-participation room in connection with a public combinedlive video stream in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate graphical user interfaces of a digitalpost-participation room in connection with a public combined live videostream on various client devices in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 12 illustrates a sequence diagram of generating and utilizing anafter broadcast room following a public combined live video stream inaccordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate graphical user interfaces of an after broadcastroom following a public combined live video stream on various clientdevices in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flow diagram of a series of acts for generating,providing, and broadcasting digital preparation rooms in connection withpublic combined live video streams in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 15 illustrates a flow diagram of a series of acts for generating,providing, and broadcasting digital waiting rooms in connection withpublic combined live video streams in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 16 illustrates an overview diagram of adding and removing viewerdevices to and from a public combined live video stream based onactivity metrics in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 17 illustrates a sequence diagram of identifying a target viewerdevice to add to a public combined live video stream based on analyzingactivity metrics in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 18A-18B illustrate graphical user interfaces for establishingparameters for adding and removing viewer devices from a public combinedlive video stream in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of analyzing activity metrics ofviewer devices to identify a target viewer device to participate in apublic combined live video stream in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 20 illustrates a flow diagram of a series of acts for identifyingtarget viewer devices to participate in public combined live videostreams in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 21 illustrates a sequence diagram of resuming a disconnected publiccombined live video stream in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 22 illustrates a block diagram of the live video streaming systemwithin the networking system in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing device forimplementing one or more implementations of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example network environment of a networkingsystem in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 25 illustrates a social graph in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure describes a live video streaming system that facilitatesbroadcasting a public combined live video stream generated from multipleparticipant devices to an audience of viewer devices. In one or moreimplementations, the live video streaming system combines live videostreams from multiple participant devices into a combined live videostream within a digital room before broadcasting the combined live videostream as a public combined live video stream to viewer devices. Inaddition, the live video streaming system smoothly and efficientlytransitions new participant devices from digital waiting rooms to thepublic combined live video stream as well as switches currentparticipant devices from the public combined live video stream to thesame or different digital waiting rooms, all while maintaining the livevideo streams of the participant devices.

Additionally, the live video streaming system can provide dynamic userinterfaces to pending, current, and past participant devices. Forexample, for a pending participant device that is waiting in a digitalwaiting room before joining the public combined live video stream, thelive video streaming system can provide a user interface to the pendingparticipant device that includes a live video stream of the devices inthe digital waiting room as well as includes the public combined livevideo stream. Additionally, the live video streaming system can providea similar user interface to a participant device (e.g., a host device)currently participating in the public combined live video stream suchthat the participant device can view which pending participant devicesare in the digital waiting room without having to leave the publiccombined live video stream. In this manner, the participant device canvisually confirm that the pending participant devices in the digitalwaiting room are prepared and ready before the live video streamingsystem adds them to the public combined live video stream.

Further, the live video streaming system can facilitate adding,removing, and swapping viewer devices to and from the public combinedlive video stream. For example, the live video streaming system canautomatically determine and invite target viewer devices to becomeparticipant devices and participate in the public combined live videostream. In some implementations, the live video streaming systemidentifies a target viewer device based on the monitored activity of theviewer device or other viewer devices, as described further below.

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system can utilize multipledigital rooms to improve broadcasting public combined live video streamsto audiences of viewer devices. To provide additional context,participant devices can include client devices that capture and providea live video stream to the live video streaming system to be compositedinto a public combined live video stream. Participant devices caninclude a host device or another participant device that can control thepublic combined live video stream. Participant devices can also includepending participant devices that join a public combined live videostream during the stream. In addition, participant device can includeformer participant devices that previously participated, but are nolonger participating, in the public combined live video stream.Additionally, viewer devices can include client devices that receive anddisplay a public combined live video stream.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming systemgenerates a digital preparation room (e.g., a virtual green room). Forexample, the live video streaming system generates the digitalpreparation room by combining live video streams from a group ofparticipant devices into a combined stream and providing the combinedlive video stream to the group of participant devices within a digitalpreparation room interface. For instance, the digital preparation roominterface allows the participant devices to prepare before going live toa more public audience, as further discussed below.

In some instances, the digital preparation room interface includes abroadcast element for sharing the combined live video stream with viewerdevices. In these instances, in response to detecting the selection ofthe broadcast element, the live video streaming system beginsbroadcasting the combined live video stream as a public combined livevideo stream to viewer devices as well as provides an updated livebroadcast interface to the group of participant devices. In addition,and as described further below, the digital preparation room interfacecan include additional elements for establishing a framework or agendafor the public combined live video stream.

In additional implementations, the live video streaming system cangenerate digital waiting rooms. For example, in various implementations,the live video streaming system generates a digital waiting room (e.g.,a pending participant room) for one or more pending participant devicesthat are waiting to join the public combined live video stream. In someinstances, the live video streaming system provides a digital waitingroom interface to the pending participant devices in the digital waitingroom that includes multiple streams, such as a live video stream of thedigital waiting room as well as the public combined live video stream.In addition, the live video streaming system can provide an indicationto a participant device, such as a live video stream of the digitalwaiting room to the host device, that the pending participant devicesare ready to join the public combined live video stream. Moreover, thelive video streaming system can transition the pending participantdevices from the digital waiting room to the public combined live videostream, as further described below.

Similarly, the live video streaming system can generate a digitalpost-participation room (e.g., a prior participant room) whereparticipant devices in the public combined live video stream can wait“off-camera” until the public combined live video stream ends. In someimplementations, the live video streaming system provides a digitalpost-participation room interface to former participant devices in thedigital post-participation room that includes a live video stream of thedigital post-participation room as well as the public combined livevideo stream. As described below, a former participant device in thedigital post-participation room can rejoin the public combined livevideo stream or transfer to an after broadcast room at or near the endof the public combined live video stream.

Moreover, the live video streaming system can generate an afterbroadcast room. In various implementations, the after broadcast roomincludes participant devices that participated in the public combinedlive video stream. For example, the live video streaming systemgenerates the after broadcast room by transferring participant devicesparticipating in the public combined live video stream at the end of thestream to the after broadcast room. The live video streaming system canalso transfer former participant devices from a digitalpost-participation room to the after broadcast room and/or convert thedigital post-participation room into the after broadcast room. In someinstances, the after broadcast room is private and closed to viewerdevices. In other instances, a select group of viewer devices is allowedto access the live video stream of the after broadcast room, as furtherdetailed below.

In various implementations, the host device or a non-participant device(i.e., a non-video-participant device) can set up participation triggersin connection with the digital rooms. In various implementations,participation triggers provide a framework, structure, or agenda for thepublic combined live video stream. For example, in some implementations,participation triggers specify a lineup of participants that are to jointhe public combined live video stream at different times. In theseimplementations, participation triggers can include a participationtrigger for adding a viewer device to the public combined live videostream, a participation trigger for removing a participant device fromthe public combined live video stream, a participation trigger fortransitioning a participant device from a preparation room to the publiccombined live video stream, and a participation trigger fortransitioning a participant device from the public combined live videostream to a digital waiting room.

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system can add viewerdevices to the public combined live video stream during the videostream. For example, in various implementations, the live videostreaming system broadcasts a public combined live video stream to a setof viewer devices. During the live broadcast, the live video streamingsystem identifies activity metrics associated with the set of viewerdevices. Then, based on analyzing the activity metrics, the live videostreaming system can identify a target viewer device from the viewerdevices to participate in the public combined live video stream. Indeed,the live video streaming system can add the identified target viewerdevice to the public combined live video stream. Additionally, the livevideo streaming system can also determine participant devices to removefrom the public combined live video stream based on activity metrics.

The live video streaming system can analyze a variety of activitymetrics to identify a target viewer device. Examples of activity metricsinclude, but are not limited to active presence metrics, viewing timemetrics, digital voting metrics, digital bidding metrics, digitalpurchase metrics, host input metrics, turn or interval-based metrics,and random selection metrics. Each of these activity metrics is furtherdescribed below.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system identifieswhich activity metrics to analyze based on one or more selectedparticipation triggers. As mentioned above, a host device (or anotherparticipant device) can select one or more participation triggers toserve as a framework for the public combined live video stream. In oneor more implementations, participation triggers can correspond toadding, removing, and swapping out viewer devices with respect to thepublic combined live video stream. For example, one or moreparticipation triggers correspond to how and when to add or remove aviewer device from the public combined live video stream. Indeed, inthese implementations, the live video streaming system can identify atarget viewer device based on identifying a particular activity metricfrom the target viewer device that satisfies a participation triggerfrom the one or more selected participation triggers.

Participation triggers for adding and removing viewer devices from thepublic combined live video stream can correspond to a variety of rules,settings, and themes. For example, participation triggers can correspondto digital games that involve the viewer devices to play. As anotherexample, participation triggers can correspond to competitions whereviewer devices compete to (e.g., show a skill, vote, bid, etc.) tobecome a participant in the public combined live video stream. In someexamples, participation triggers are based on digital purchases. Still,in other examples, participation triggers can prioritize randomselection. As described below, a selected participation trigger canindicate to the live video streaming system which activity metrics tomonitor and analyze, as further detailed below.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system canfacilitate and provide uniform layouts to the viewer devices. Forexample, the live video streaming system can generate a uniform visualarrangement (e.g., layout) of the public combined live video streamwhere each live video stream is correctly synchronized in time. The livevideo streaming system can provide this uniform layout to the viewerdevices. In this manner, each viewer device shares the same experienceof the public combined live video stream. In some implementations,however, the live video streaming system generates one or morealternative visual arrangements, which are also correctly synchronizedin time, and provides a viewer device with a requested visualarrangement. In any case, the live video streaming system generates andprovides a handful of layouts of the public combined live video streamrather than each viewer device trying to generate a separate layout.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system can facilitatethe recovery of a lost public combined live video stream. For example,the live video streaming system can detect when a host device drops froma public combined live video stream. Here, the live video streamingsystem can provide the host device with options to resume the publiccombined live video stream, as further described below. In someimplementations, the live video streaming system provides the publiccombined live video stream to the participant devices and the viewerdevices utilizing different communication protocols, which enables thelive video streaming system to better recover a lost public combinedlive video stream, as described below.

As mentioned above, conventional video sharing systems suffer from anumber of technical drawbacks in relation to efficiency, flexibility,and accuracy of operation. To illustrate, conventional video sharingsystems are often inefficient. For example, many conventional systemsinefficiently rely on client devices to perform the majority offunctions with respect to displaying multiple live video streamsprovided by other users. As an initial matter, many client devices,particularly mobile client devices, have limited hardware capabilities.Accordingly, these client devices can easily become overburdened as thenumber of live video streams increases or as the quality of the livevideo stream improves. Overall, these inefficiencies lead to poorperformances at the client device and poor user experiences.

In addition, in many instances, conventional systems cause clientdevices to inefficiently perform duplicative tasks. To illustrate, for abroadcast of multiple live video streams, each client device thatdisplays the live video stream is provided with each of the live videostreams. Next, each client device individually compiles the streams intoa layout and displays the layout of the multiple live video streams.Causing each client device to perform similar and redundant functions aseach other is inefficient and results in a large amount of computationalwaste. Further, conventional systems that cause each client device toreceive each live video stream inefficiently waste bandwidth.

In addition, conventional systems are inflexible with respect tocomputing device operations. As mentioned above, conventional systemsthat rely on client devices to perform the bulk of operations arelimited in their operational capabilities, including the number oftechnical features they can provide. Indeed, conventional systems areoften unable to perform a number of operations when relying on clientdevices that have limited hardware capabilities. To illustrate, forreasons previously mentioned, conventional systems often are limited todisplaying multiple live video streams at a lower resolution. Inaddition, conventional systems are limited to a small number of multiplelive video streams at the same time.

Moreover, conventional systems often are unable to provide additionaltechnical features. For example, conventional systems do not providemultiple digital rooms where video participants can wait while alsoviewing the live video streams. Similarly, conventional systems do notprovide a host device with indications when other participant devicesare ready to join the live video streams (e.g., waiting in a digitalwaiting room). Instead, conventional systems are rigidly fixed to alimited set of options.

Further, conventional systems frequently result in inaccuracies ofoperation. For instance, because each client device individuallycompiles multiple live video streams together, a display of multiplelive video streams on one client device does not synchronize with thoseon another client device. Indeed, for two live video streams that arecaptured at the same time, a first client device may compile the firstlive video stream to display ahead in time of the second live videostream. Further, a second client device may display the second livevideo stream ahead of the first live video stream. As additional livevideo streams are introduced, the possibility for error and inaccuracyincreases. These inaccuracies can result in viewer confusion andfrustration as what is being captured is not what viewers areexperiencing on their respective client devices.

In contrast, the live video streaming system can provide severaltechnical advantages and benefits over conventional systems. Moreparticularly, in many implementations, the live video streaming systemresides at a server device that provides increases in efficiency,flexibility, and accuracy. As one example of improved efficiency, thelive video streaming system can easily scale as the number of live videostreams increases and/or the quality of live video stream improveswithout becoming overburdened. Indeed, the live video streaming systemcan utilize a server device that provides additional hardwarecapabilities over most client devices, which enables the live videostreaming system to efficiently join a large number of live videostreams into a public combined live video stream.

In addition, the live video streaming system can generate a publiccombined live video stream that is shared with each of the viewerdevices displaying the public combined live video stream. For example,rather than having each client device receive and individually processall of the live video streams from each participant device, the livevideo streaming system generates the public combined live video streamat a central location into a uniform layout. Then, the live videostreaming system can provide each of the viewer devices with the singlepublic combined live video stream arranged in the same layout. Not onlydoes this reduce each client device from inefficiently performingduplicative tasks, but it also reduced bandwidth as the number of thelive video stream being provided to the viewer devices is reduced to thepublic combined live video stream.

Further, the live video streaming system can provide improvements inflexibility over conventional video sharing systems. Unlike conventionalsystems that utilize client devices having limited capabilities, thelive video streaming system can utilize one or more server devices toimplement numerous operations and technical features. Indeed, asmentioned above, the live video streaming system can flexibly scale toaccommodate a large number of participant devices that each provide alive video stream. Further, the live video streaming system candynamically adjust the video quality being provided to each participantdevice, including broadcasting the public combined live video stream toviewer devices at a higher resolution.

As another example, the live video streaming system can provide featuresnot available to conventional systems. For example, the live videostreaming system can provide digital rooms where video participants canwait while also viewing the public combined live video stream. Likewise,the live video streaming system can provide a host device or participantdevices with video streams of one or more digital rooms while alsodisplaying a public combined live video stream to those same devices.Indeed, as further described below, the live video streaming system canflexibly and dynamically provide one or more simultaneous live videostreams (e.g., often one or more public combined live video stream s) toparticipant devices before, during, and after a public combined livevideo stream session. Moreover, as described below, the live videostreaming system can provide additional operations, options, andfeatures with respect to live video streams often not achievable byrigidly constrained conventional systems.

Furthermore, the live video streaming system can provide improvedaccuracy over conventional video sharing systems. To illustrate, thelive video streaming system can synchronize each of the live videostreams before generating the public combined live video stream.Further, the live video streaming system can generate a unified layoutfor the public combined live video stream. In this manner, each viewerdevice is provided with the same experience as intended by the hostdevice and/or the other participant devices, rather than each viewerdevice generating a potentially separate experience.

In addition, as mentioned above, the live video streaming system canprovide a streamlined user interface that reduces interactions and timeby users of participant devices (including at the host device). Asdescribed, the live video streaming system can provide a dynamic userinterface to the host device or other participant devices thatautomatically updates to show pending participants about to join thepublic combined live video stream or past participants. Indeed, the livevideo streaming system can generate and provide dynamic user interfacesthat show both the public combined live video stream as well as a livevideo stream of a digital room that includes pending or pastparticipants. Further, the live video streaming system provides elementswithin these dynamic user interfaces that allow a host device (oranother participant device) to adds a live video stream from a digitalroom to the public combined live video stream without having to navigateaway from or leave the public combined live video stream.

As indicated by the foregoing discussion, the present disclosureutilizes a variety of terms to describe the features and advantages ofthe live video streaming system. For example, as used herein, the term“live video” refers to digital audiovisual data captured and shared inreal-time (non-time shifted) or near-real-time. Commonly, a live videois a video that is captured and broadcast simultaneously. Examples oflive video include, but are not limited to, digital video files, digitalaudio files combined with digital photos, and/or streaming content.Accordingly, a live video may include media such as images, video,audio, text, animations, or any other audio/visual content that may betransmitted over a communication network in the form of a live videostream. Additionally, the term “live video stream,” as used herein,refers to a transmission or broadcast of live video. Generally, a livevideo stream includes live or near-live transmissions of media.

When multiple participant devices share live video streams as part of acoordinated effort, the live video streaming system can generate acombined live video stream that includes the live video streams fromeach participant device. As used herein, the term “combined live videostream” refers to a single live video stream that is a composite ofmultiple live video streams from participant devices. Further, when acombined live video stream is shared with viewer devices (e.g., anaudience of non-participant devices), the combined live video stream canbecome a public combined live video stream. Indeed, the live videostreaming system can share a public combined live video stream withviewer devices as a single public combined live video stream.

In general, a public combined live video stream can include a live videostream shared with an audience of viewer devices. However, the livevideo streaming system can also generate combined live video streamsthat are associated with digital rooms. For example, if two or morepending participant devices are in a digital waiting room, the livevideo streaming system can generate a combined live video stream of thedigital waiting room that includes the live video streams from thepending participant devices. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system can provide the live video stream of the digitalwaiting room to the pending participant devices and/or one or moreparticipant device currently participating in the public combined livevideo stream (e.g., a host device), and without broadcasting the livevideo stream of the digital waiting room to the viewer devices.

As used herein, the term “participant device” refers to a client devicethat is participating in a combined live video stream. For instance, aparticipant device provides a live video stream to the live videostreaming system (when appropriate permissions are granted) for the livevideo streaming system to include the live video stream in a combinedlive video stream (including a public combined live video stream). Insome implementations, a participant device can include a host devicethat initiates and controls a public combined live video stream. Ingeneral, a host device is a participant device that has access toadditional settings and authorizations of a public combined live videostream. For example, a host device can select participation triggersthat serve as a framework or agenda for a public combined live videostream. In additional implementations, one or more of the participantdevices are also granted the same or similar additional settings andauthorizations as the host device. Further, as detailed below, anon-participant device (e.g., a stage manager device) can also performfunctions of a host device without providing a live video stream to thelive video streaming system.

As mentioned above, a participant device can include a pendingparticipant device (e.g., a participant device waiting to join thepublic combined live video stream) as well as a former participantdevice (e.g., a participant device that previously participated on thepublic combined live video stream and is no longer participating). Ingeneral, while pending participant devices and former participantdevices are not currently participating in the public combined livevideo stream, they can still provide a live video stream to the livevideo streaming system, which the live video streaming system keepsactive and/or adds to a digital room. Otherwise, they can become viewerdevices.

The term “viewer device,” as used herein refers to a computing devicethat receives and consumes a public combined live video stream. Invarious implementations, a viewer device can provide written orgraphical feedback within a public combined live video stream.Generally, a viewer device does not participate in a public combinedlive video stream by sending a live video stream to the live videostreaming system for inclusion in the public combined live video stream.However, in some implementations, the live video streaming system canidentify a viewer device (e.g., a target viewer device) to participatein the public combined live video stream. In these implementations, thelive video streaming system converts the viewer device into aparticipant device when their live video stream is added to the publiccombined live video stream.

As used herein, the term “digital room” refers to a virtual location orcollection of participant devices for sharing live video streams. Forexample a digital room can include a collection of one or moreparticipant devices portraying a live video stream (without currentlyparticipating in a public combined live video stream broadcasted topublic viewer devices). In particular, a digital room can include acollection of participant devices each transmitting a live video streamand receiving a combined live video stream from the live video streamingsystem. For instance, the term digital room refers to one or more livevideo streams provided to the live video streaming system that is notcurrently being added to the public combined live video stream beingbroadcast to other viewer devices.

An example of a digital room includes a digital preparation room whereone or more participant devices gather before broadcasting a publiccombined live video streams to viewer devices. Another example includesa digital waiting room where one or more participant devices (e.g.,pending participant devices) wait before joining a public combined livevideo stream broadcast to other viewer devices. Other examples ofdigital rooms include a digital post-participation room and an afterbroadcast room. Further, the live video streaming system can generatemultiple instances of a digital room as well as generate and providedifferent digital room interfaces to participant devices within thedifferent digital rooms.

As used herein, the term “activity metric” refers to a measure ofdigital participation, digital events, or digital interactions of viewerdevices and/or participant devices associated with a public combinedlive video stream. For instance, the term activity metric refers toimplicit or explicit activity data provided by, or detected from, viewerdevices displaying the public combined live video stream and/orparticipant devices. The live video streaming system can analyze one ormore activity metrics to determine a participation level orparticipation willingness of a viewer device and/or participant device.As further described below, activity metrics can include active presencemetrics, viewing time metrics, digital voting metrics, digital biddingmetrics, digital purchase metrics, host input metrics, turn orinterval-based metrics, and random selection metrics.

The term “participation trigger,” as used herein, refers to a conditionassociated with a public combined live video stream. For instance, aparticipation trigger can provide a framework, structure, and/or agendafor a public combined live video stream. In various implementations, oneor more participation triggers form an algorithm or set of rules forconducting the public combined live video stream. For example,participation triggers can include rules with respect to the beginningand ending the public combined live video stream, determining who canparticipate in the public combined live video stream (e.g., eligibilityrequirements), and transitioning participant devices in and out ofdigital rooms. As another example, participation triggers can indicatehow to identify a target viewer device to add to the public combinedlive video stream, remove a participant device from the public combinedlive video stream, and/or swap a participant device with a viewerdevice. Participation triggers are further described below.

Additional detail will now be provided regarding one or moreimplementations of the live video streaming system in relation to theillustrated figures. As an overview, FIGS. 1-3 correspond to the livevideo streaming system generating and broadcasting public combined livevideo streams; FIGS. 4-15 correspond to the live video streaming systemgenerating and utilizing digital rooms in connection with a publiccombined live video stream; FIGS. 16-20 correspond to dynamicallyadding, removing, and switching participant devices within a publiccombined live video stream; and FIG. 21 corresponds to the live videostreaming system recovering a dropped instance of a public combined livevideo stream.

For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system environment100 (or “system 100”) for implementing a live video streaming system 106in accordance with one or more implementations. As shown, the system 100includes a server device 102 hosting a networking system 104 and a livevideo streaming system 106. The system 100 further includes clientdevices, such as a host device 108, participant devices 110, and viewerdevices 112, which can communicate with the live video streaming system106 via a network 120.

The server device 102 can include one or more computing devices toimplement the networking system 104 and/or the live video streamingsystem 106. In one or more implementations, the server device 102 canimplement all or a portion of the networking system 104 and/or the livevideo streaming system 106. For example, in some embodiments, the serverdevice 102 comprises a content server and/or a data collection server.The server device 102 can also comprise an application server, acommunication server, a web-hosting server, a social networking server,or a digital content management server. Additionally, the host device108, participant devices 110, and the viewer devices 112 can includevarious types of computing devices, such as a mobile computing device.Additional description regarding the illustrated devices (102, 108, 110,and 112), as well as the network 120, is provided with respect to FIGS.23 and 24 below.

As mentioned above, the server device 102 includes the networking system104. In one or more implementations, the networking system 104 maygenerate, store, receive, and transmit various types of data, includingnetworking data and content items (e.g., live streams, images, video,audio, text, etc.) shared by users of the networking system 104.Accordingly, the networking system 104 can connect users together andenable users to share content items with each other. In variousimplementations, the networking system 104 can include a socialnetworking system, an electronic messaging system, or another type ofnetworking system that enables users to communicate with each other.Additional detail regarding the networking system 104 is provided belowin connection with FIGS. 24 and 25.

The networking system 104 can include the live video streaming system106. In alternative implementations, the live video streaming system 106is implemented separately from the networking system 104 on the serverdevice 102 or another computing device. In various implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 facilitates receiving, generating,combining, compositing, synchronizing, arranging, converting,broadcasting, sharing, editing, and/or otherwise managing live videostreams. For example, the live video streaming system 106 can combinelive video streams from multiple participant devices 110 into a combinedlive video stream and broadcast it as a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112. Additional detail regardingimplementations of the live video streaming system 106 is provided inthe subsequent figures.

Moreover, the networking system 104 and/or the live video streamingsystem 106 can comprise one or more applications running on the serverdevice 102 or a portion can be downloaded from the server device 102.For example, the live video streaming system 106 can include a webhosting application that allows the client devices to interact withcontent hosted at the server device 102.

As noted above, the system 100 includes client devices such as the hostdevice 108, the participant devices 110, and the viewer devices 112. Ingeneral, the host device 108 initiates a combined live video stream thatalso includes the participant devices 110. Indeed, a combined live videostream includes live video streams from both the host device 108 and theparticipant devices 110. In one or more implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 provides the host device 108 with additional accessto settings, permissions, authorization, etc. for a combined live videostream. In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106grants one or more participant devices 110 the same or similar access.As mentioned above, the host device 108 can be one of the participantdevices 110 during a combined live video stream, as represented by thesolid one-way line from the host device 108 to the participant devices110.

The viewer devices 112 can receive a combined live video stream from thelive video streaming system 106. For example, live video streamingsystem 106 provides a combined live video stream from the participantdevices 110 (including the host device 108) to the viewer devices 112.In some implementations, a viewer device can become a participantdevice, as indicated by the dashed two-way line between the viewerdevices 112 and the participant devices 110. For instance, the livevideo streaming system 106 identifies a target viewer device from theviewer devices 112 to participate in a public combined live videostream, as further described below. Further, the live video streamingsystem 106 can cause a participant device (e.g., a former viewer device)to transition back to being a viewer device during a public combinedlive video stream, as further described below.

As illustrated, the host device 108, the participant devices 110, andthe viewer devices 112 each include a networking system application 114that corresponds to the live video streaming system 106. In variousimplementations, the networking system application 114 can optionallyinclude computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a clientdevice, causes the client device to perform certain functions asdescribed herein. In many implementations, the networking systemapplication 114 is downloaded, received, accessed, and/or provided(directly or indirectly) from the live video streaming system 106 and/ornetworking system 104 on the server device 102.

Generally, the networking system application 114 enables a user of aclient device to participate in a live video stream, view a live videostream, and otherwise interact with the live video streaming system 106and/or networking system 104. For example, the networking systemapplication 114 includes a web application (e.g., a web browser) toallow a client device to access, view, and/or interact with a webpage orwebsite hosted at the server device 102. In another example, thenetworking system application 114 is a standalone mobile applicationrelated to the live video streaming system 106 and/or downloaded fromthe server device 102 (e.g., in part or in full).

Although the system 100 of FIG. 1 is illustrated in a particulararrangement, various additional arrangements are possible. For example,the live video streaming system 106 can be implemented in whole or inpart on another device (e.g., one or more of the client devices performsome or all of the functions of the live video streaming system 106).Similarly, although the system 100 is depicted as having variouscomponents, the system 100 may have additional or alternativecomponents. For instance, the system 100 can include multiple hostdevices (e.g., co-hosts). In another instance, the system 100 caninclude a social networking system on a separate computing device thatcommunicates with the server device 102 and the networking system 104.

Turning now to FIG. 2, additional detail is provided regarding the livevideo streaming system 106 providing a public combined live video streamto viewer devices 112. In particular, FIG. 2 illustrates a sequencediagram of a series of acts 200 of the live video streaming system 106generating and broadcasting a public combined live video stream toviewer devices 112 in accordance with one or more implementations. Asshown, the series of acts 200 includes the live video streaming system106 communicating with the participant devices 110 (which can include ahost device) and the viewer devices 112.

As shown, the series of acts 200 includes an act 202 of the live videostreaming system 106 receiving a live video stream from the host devicevia a first communication protocol. For example, the host device 108initiates a live video stream utilizing the networking systemapplication disclosed above. In many implementations, the live videostream includes a video with sound captured by the host device or via ahardware device attached to the host device (e.g., an external camera ormicrophone).

As shown in the act 202, the host device can send the live video streamto the live video streaming system 106 utilizing a first communicationprotocol. For example, the live video stream is sent via a real-timemessaging protocol (RTMP) or another protocol that prioritizes qualityconnections over latency speed (e.g., Facebook Video Protocol (FBVP)).Indeed, because only the host device in this example is providing a livevideo stream to the live video streaming system 106, the live videostream can be delayed ensuring a higher quality stream.

The series of acts 200 includes an act 204 of the live video streamingsystem 106 providing the live video stream via the first communicationprotocol to the viewer devices 112. For example, upon receiving the livevideo stream from the host device, the live video streaming system 106notifies the viewer devices 112 (e.g., which are associated with usersof the networking system that follow the host) that the host device iscurrently streaming live. In response, the viewer devices 112 can accessthe live video stream (e.g., via a networking system application).Further, the live video streaming system 106 can provide the live videostream to the viewer devices 112 via the first communication protocolthat prioritizes video quality over speed.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 buffers thelive video stream at the server device 102 before broadcasting it to theviewer devices 112. For example, the live video streaming system 106builds up a buffer of up to 30 seconds, which enables the live videostreaming system 106 to provide multiple frames of the public combinedlive video stream to the viewer devices 112 via the first communicationprotocol. The buffer also enables the live video streaming system 106 toresend dropped or missing data packets before the viewer devices 112play the corresponding portion of the public combined live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 200 includes an act 206 of the live videostreaming system 106 receiving a request for additional participantdevices to join the live video stream. For example, in variousimplementations, while the host device is live streaming to the viewerdevices 112, additional participant devices can request to participatein the live video stream. In some implementations, the host deviceinvites the additional participant devices to participate in the livevideo stream.

In response to detecting the request from the additional participantdevices to join the host device in the live video stream, the live videostreaming system 106 can determine to change the communication protocol.To illustrate, the series of acts 200 includes an act 208 of the livevideo streaming system 106 indicating a switch to a second communicationprotocol to the participant devices 110. For example, to prepare formultiple participant devices 110, the live video streaming system 106instructs the participant devices 110 to provide live video stream via acommunication protocol that prioritizes low-latency over video quality,such as a real-time communication (RTC) protocol. In some instances, thesecond communication protocol has a latency of around 200 milliseconds.

As shown, the series of acts 200 includes an act 210 of the live videostreaming system 106 receiving live video streams from the host deviceand the additional participant devices via the second communicationprotocol. As mentioned above, the second communication protocol canprioritize video packet delivery speed over video quality. Accordingly,when multiple participant devices 110 begin to participate, the livevideo streaming system 106 can switch from receiving a single live videostream from the host device via the first communication protocol toreceiving multiple live video streams via the second communicationprotocol.

The series of acts 200 can include an act 212 of the live videostreaming system 106 generating a public combined live video stream. Forexample, in various implementations, the live video streaming system 106composites each of the live video streams received from the participantdevices 110 at the server device 102 into a single public combined livevideo stream that displays the live video streams from the participantdevices 110 as a unified video stream.

As noted above, by utilizing the server device 102 (or multiple serverdevices) to generate the public combined live video stream, the livevideo streaming system 106 can provide improvements in the areas ofefficiency, flexibility, and accuracy. For example, utilizing the serverdevice 102 rather than individual client devices allows the live videostreaming system 106 to easily scale and add a large number ofparticipant devices 110 to a public combined live video stream. Further,as disclosed above, the live video streaming system 106 can achieveuniformity in terms of synchronization and layouts for a public combinedlive video stream. Additionally, the live video streaming system 106 canprovide public combined live video streams to viewer devices 112 athigher-definition resolutions. Moreover, by utilizing the server device102, the live video streaming system 106 can provide a larger number ofcustomizations and animations as a server device will largely offersadditional computing resources over client devices.

In various implementations, as part of generating the public combinedlive video stream, the live video streaming system 106 can synchronizethe live video streams. For example, the live video streaming system 106can match timestamps from each of the live video streams from theparticipant devices 110 with each other to properly align the streamswithin the public combined live video stream. In this manner, the livevideo streaming system 106 generates the public combined live videostream as it was intended to be captured by the participant devices 110.

In addition, the live video streaming system 106 can arrange thereceived live video streams into an arrangement and dynamically updatethe layout based on activity metrics associated with the participantdevices 110 (e.g., detecting when speakers change), as participantdevices 110 enter and exit the public combined live video stream, and/orbased on input provided by a participant device (e.g., the host device).

As shown, the series of acts 200 includes an act 214 of the live videostreaming system 106 providing the public combined live video stream tothe participant devices 110 via the second communication protocol. Asmentioned above, the second communication protocol prioritizes latency,which is better suited for real-time communications, such as betweeneach of the participant devices 110. Accordingly, the live videostreaming system 106 provides the public combined live video stream backto the participant devices 110 such that the participant devices 110 caninteract with each other naturally and in real time.

As shown, the series of acts 200 includes an act 216 of the live videostreaming system 106 providing the public combined live video stream tothe viewer devices 112 via the first communication protocol. Forexample, as described above, the live video streaming system 106broadcasts the public combined live video stream to the viewer devices112 via quality-prioritized communication protocols. Indeed, in someimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 utilizes a bufferbetween 15-30 seconds to allow for that the public combined live videostream to be sent over to the viewer devices 112 at a higher qualitylevel.

Thus, as shown in the series of acts 200, the live video streamingsystem 106 can send the public combined live video stream to theparticipant devices 110 in real time (around −200 ms) while also sendinga buffered version of the public combined live video stream to theviewer devices 112 at the same time. Indeed, utilizing differentcommunication protocols enables the participant devices 110 to interactwith each other naturally in real time while also enabling the viewerdevices 112 to enjoy a rich high-quality version of the public combinedlive video stream (e.g., via a buffered version of the public combinedlive video stream).

As shown and described, FIG. 2 shows a series of acts 200 for firstbroadcasting a single live video stream to the viewer devices 112, thenconverting it to a public combined live video stream as additionalparticipant devices 110 are added. In some implementations, however, thelive video streaming system 106 can begin generating the public combinedlive video stream before providing it to the viewer devices 112. Indeed,as described below with respect to FIGS. 4-15, the live video streamingsystem 106 can utilize digital rooms (e.g., a digital preparation room)to first generate the public combined live video stream, then provide itto the viewer devices 112. In these implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 can still utilize the different communicationprotocols, as described above.

Turning now to FIGS. 3A-3B, visual examples and additional detail areprovided with respect to the live video streaming system 106 providing apublic combined live video stream to viewer devices 112. In particular,FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate graphical user interfaces for launching andbroadcasting a public combined live video stream in accordance with oneor more implementations. Indeed, FIGS. 3A-3B show how the live videostreaming system 106 can cause a host device (e.g., FIG. 3A) and aviewer device (FIG. 3B) to update with respect to broadcasting a publiccombined live video stream. In various implementations, a networkingsystem application corresponding to the live video streaming system 106can display the user interfaces shown in FIGS. 3A-3B.

As illustrated, FIG. 3A includes the host device 108 (e.g., aparticipant device). The host device 108 includes a host graphical userinterface 302 (or simply “host user interface 302”) that includeselements, features, graphics, and options for requesting and starting alive video stream. As shown, the host user interface 302 corresponds tothe host device 108 preparing to start a live video stream. Indeed, thebottom of the host user interface 302 shows a “Live” mode selected froma set of media sharing modes 304.

As mentioned above, the host device 108 can capture video (and audio),for example, utilizing a built-in camera and microphone. Accordingly, insome implementations, such as the illustrated implementation, the hostuser interface 302 displays images 306 captured by the host device 108.In addition, the host user interface 302 includes a start live broadcastelement 308 for starting the live video stream.

Further, as shown, the host user interface 302 includes an applicationsettings element 310 that can correspond to various preferences andsettings with respect to the host device 108 and/or a networking systemapplication (e.g., account settings, hardware settings, privacysettings, etc.). Additionally, the host user interface 302 can includelive stream settings elements 312 that correspond to setting up andfacilitating a public combined live video stream. For example, as shown,the live stream settings elements 312 include elements corresponding toadding a title to the public combined live video stream, setting upvarious digital rooms, changing the setup or scheme of the publiccombined live video stream, and adding activities to the public combinedlive video stream. Many of the live stream setting elements are furtherdescribed below.

Moreover, as shown, the host device 108 can include various notificationelements, such as an active followers indication 314. As shown, theactive followers indication 314 indicates the number of users of thenetworking system that are currently logged on or active on thenetworking system. In many implementations, these followers cancorrespond to many of the viewer devices 112 that would watch a publiccombined live video stream.

As mentioned above, the host user interface 302 includes the start livebroadcast element 308. Upon detecting selection of the start livebroadcast element 308, the host device 108 can provide a live videostream of video captured at the host device 108 to the live videostreaming system 106. Additionally, as other participant devices providecorresponding live video streams, the live video streaming system 106can generate a combined live video stream, as previously described.Further, the live video streaming system 106 can broadcast the combinedlive video stream as a public combined live video stream to viewerdevices 112 (as a single live video stream).

To illustrate, FIG. 3B shows a viewer device 112 having a viewer userinterface 322 (or simply “viewer user interface 322”). As shown, theviewer user interface 322 includes the public combined live video stream324 showing four participants. In addition, the viewer user interface322 includes various notification elements, such as live broadcastindicators 326 (e.g., a live indicator and the current number of viewerdevices watching the public combined live video stream). Further, theviewer user interface 322 can include communication elements 328 wherethe viewer device 112 can provide general or direct messages to theparticipant devices and/or other viewer devices as well as “like” aportion of the public combined live video stream.

The viewer device 122 can access the public combined live video streamfrom a variety of locations. For example, in one or moreimplementations, the viewer device 122 follows one of the participantdevices (e.g., via social media) and receives a notification (e.g., apost, a story, an electronic message, a push notification, aninvitation, etc.) indicating the existence of a public combined livevideo stream that includes the participant device. For instance, thelive video streaming system 106 can maintain a list of viewer devicesfor each participant device. Then, when the participant device joins apublic combined live video stream, the live video streaming system 106can provide their followers with a notification. In someimplementations, the notification itself is the public combined livevideo stream. In some embodiments, the live video streaming system 106provides the public combined live video stream as part of socialnetworking feeds of the viewer devices.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 makes thelive video streaming system 106 accessible through a link (e.g., a textor graphics link) on a website or within a networking system applicationthe viewer device 122 while the live video streaming system 106 isbroadcasting the public non-participant device. In variousimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 plays the publiccombined live video stream as an element within a website or within anetworking system application the viewer device 122 (e.g., as anembedded video).

As mentioned above, FIGS. 4-15 provide additional detail regarding thelive video streaming system generating and utilizing digital roomsassociated with a public combined live video stream. To illustrate, FIG.4 shows an overview diagram of utilizing multiple digital rooms toimprove a public combined live video stream in accordance with one ormore implementations. As shown, FIG. 4 includes a public combined livevideo stream 402 and multiple digital rooms 404-410 (indicated withdashed lines). As described below, the live video streaming system 106can utilize digital rooms to seamlessly begin a public combined livevideo stream with multiple participant devices as well as add and removeparticipant devices from a current public combined live video stream.

Additionally, FIG. 4 shows multiple participant devices 412-418(illustrated by icons) providing corresponding live video streams(illustrated as arrows attached to the participant devices) to the livevideo streaming system 106. As previously described, the live videostreaming system 106 can combine the multiple live video streams intothe public combined live video stream 402. Further, as described above,the live video streaming system 106 can provide the public combined livevideo stream 402 to viewer devices. A visual example of a combined livevideo stream is shown in FIG. 3B, as described above. Additional visualexamples of combined live video streams are provided below with respectto FIGS. 7A-7B.

As shown in FIG. 4, the digital rooms 404-410 include a digitalpreparation room 404, a digital waiting room 406, a digitalpost-participation room 408, and an after broadcast room 410. Inaddition, each digital room includes one or more of the participantdevices 412-418. In many implementations, while the live video streamingsystem 106 can provide live video streams from the digital rooms toother participant devices as described below, the live video streamingsystem 106 does not broadcast live video streams from the digital roomsto the viewer devices.

In FIG. 4, the digital rooms and the public combined live video stream402 in FIG. 4 are arranged in a chronological manner, where timeprogresses from left to right. Thus, the digital preparation room 404 iscreated before the creation of the public combined live video stream 402(i.e., the stream broadcast to other public viewing devices), thedigital waiting room 406 and the digital post-participation room 408 areconcurrent with the public combined live video stream 402, and the afterbroadcast room 410 occurs after the public combined live video stream402.

As shown, FIG. 4 includes the digital preparation room 404. Generally, adigital preparation room enables participant devices to privatelyconverse and prepare before broadcasting to live to a more publicaudience. As also shown, the digital preparation room 404 includes thefirst participant device 412 (e.g., a host device), a second participantdevice 414, and a third participant device 416. For example, the hostdevice (i.e., the first participant device 412) creates and joins thedigital preparation room 404. The second participant device 414 thenjoins the digital preparation room 404 followed by the third participantdevice 416.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 cangenerate a combined (e.g., non-public) live video stream as a singlelive video stream of the digital preparation room 404 from the livevideo streams of the first participant device 412, the secondparticipant device 414, and the third participant device 416. Further,the live video streaming system 106 can provide the live video stream ofthe digital preparation room 404 back to the participant devices in theroom. For example, the live video streaming system 106 provides adigital preparation room interface to the participant devices thatinclude the live video stream of the digital preparation room 404.Additional detail regarding generating and utilizing the digitalpreparation room 404 is provided below with respect to FIGS. 5-6B.

In many implementations, the live video streaming system 106 utilizesthe digital preparation room 404 to generate the public combined livevideo stream 402. For example, based on detecting user input from aparticipant device within the digital preparation room 404, the livevideo streaming system 106 can transfer the live video streams of theparticipant devices in the digital preparation room 404 (e.g., thecombined live video stream) to the public combined live video stream402. As a result, the live video streaming system 106 can startbroadcasting a combined live video stream that includes multipleparticipant devices, which are ready to participate, in an efficient andseamless manner.

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system 106 can also utilizedigital rooms to add, remove, and swap out participant devices inconnection with the public combined live video stream 402. For example,the live video streaming system 106 can utilize one or more digitalwaiting rooms to add participant devices to the public combined livevideo stream 402 after the public combined live video stream 402 hasstarted. Indeed, the live video streaming system 106 can utilize digitalwaiting rooms to receive and optimize live video streams from pendingparticipant devices before they are seamlessly joined to the publiccombined live video stream 402.

To demonstrate, FIG. 4 includes the digital waiting room 406. In variousimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 can utilize thedigital waiting room 406 to transition pending participant devices intothe combined live video stream 402, as shown by arrow 422. Asillustrated, the digital waiting room 406 includes the fourthparticipant device 418 (e.g., a pending participant device) that iswaiting to participate in the public combined live video stream 402. Thedigital waiting room 406 can include multiple pending participantdevices, and in some cases, non-participant devices (e.g., a productionmanager device that assists the fourth participant device 418 inpreparing for and joining the public combined live video stream 402).

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system 106generates a live video stream of the digital waiting room 406 andprovides it to the pending participant device within the room. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 can generate a digitalwaiting room graphical user interface (or simply digital waiting roominterface) and provide it to pending participant devices in the digitalwaiting room 406. As described below, the digital waiting room interfacecan include both the live video stream of the digital waiting room 406as well as the public combined live video stream 402.

Moreover, the live video streaming system 106 can provide the live videostream of the digital waiting room 406 to a participant device (e.g.,the host device) within the public combined live video stream 402 aswell as enable the participant device to request that one or morepending participant devices in the digital waiting room 406 be added tothe public combined live video stream 402. To illustrate, the live videostreaming system 106 receives a request to add the fourth participantdevice 418 (e.g., the pending participant device) to the public combinedlive video stream 402. In response, the live video streaming system 106transitions the live video stream of the fourth participant device 418from the live video stream of the digital waiting room 406 to the publiccombined live video stream 402, as shown in FIG. 4 by the arrow 422.Additional detail regarding the digital waiting room 406 is providedbelow in connection with FIGS. 8-9C.

As shown, FIG. 4 includes the digital post-participation room 408. Invarious implementations, the live video streaming system 106 cantransition participant devices from the public combined live videostream 402 to the digital post-participation room 408. Generally, thelive video streaming system 106 provides a digital post-participationroom for former participant devices to wait “off-camera” who can laterrejoin a public combined live video stream or join with the participantdevices after a public combined live video stream ends. A digitalpost-participation room can include multiple former participant devices.Further, the live video streaming system 106 can create multiple digitalpost-participation rooms. Additionally, the live video streaming systemcombines a digital post-participation room with a digital waiting roominto a single off-camera digital waiting room.

As FIG. 4 illustrates, the live video streaming system 106 removes thelive video stream of the third participant device 416 from the publiccombined live video stream 402 and adds it to the digitalpost-participation room 408, as shown by the arrow 424. As mentionedabove, in some implementations, the live video streaming system 106drops a participant device from a public combined live video streamwithout adding their live video stream to a digital room. For example,upon no longer receiving the live video stream of a participant device,the live video streaming system 106 changes the participant device intoa viewer device.

While in the digital post-participation room 408, the live videostreaming system 106 can provide a digital post-participation roominterface to the third participant device 416 (e.g., now a formerparticipant device). For example, the live video streaming system 106provides a live stream of the digital post-participation room 408 toeach former participant device in the digital post-participation room408. In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 canalso provide the live video stream of the digital post-participationroom 408 to one or more participant devices (e.g., the host device)within the public combined live video stream 402. Additional detailregarding the digital post-participation room 408 is provided below inconnection with FIGS. 10-11C.

As mentioned above, FIG. 4 includes the after broadcast room 410.Generally, an after broadcast room follows after a public combined livevideo stream. In one or more implementations, an after broadcast roomincludes some or all of the participant devices of a public combinedlive video stream, including former participant devices. In someimplementations, only the participant devices are able to access,participate in, and/or view an after broadcast room. In alternativeimplementations, a limited number of viewer devices 112 are providedaccess to view the after broadcast room.

As shown, the after broadcast room 410 in FIG. 4 includes the firstparticipant device 412 and the fourth participant device 418 from thepublic combined live video stream 402, as shown by arrow 426. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 transfers the live videostream from the first participant device 412 and the fourth participantdevice 418 to the after broadcast room 410. In addition, the afterbroadcast room 410 includes the third participant device 416 that waswaiting in the digital post-participation room 408. Similarly, the livevideo streaming system 106 transfers the live video stream of the thirdparticipant device 416 from the digital post-participation room 408 tothe after broadcast room 410, as shown by the arrow 428.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 providesan after broadcast room graphical user interface (or simply afterbroadcast room interface) to the participant devices in the digitalroom. For example, the after broadcast room interface includes one ormore visual elements indicating to the participant devices that theafter broadcast room is a private digital room or that a limitedaudience of viewer devices have access to the after broadcast room.Additional detail regarding the after broadcast room 410 is providedbelow in connection with FIGS. 12-13C.

As mentioned above, FIGS. 5-6B provide additional detail regardinggenerating and utilizing the digital preparation room 404. For instance,FIG. 5 illustrates a sequence diagram of a series of acts 500 of thelive video streaming system 106 generating and utilizing a digitalpreparation room in connection with a public combined live video streamin accordance with one or more implementations. As shown, the series ofacts 500 includes the live video streaming system 106 communicating withthe participant devices 110 (which can include a host device) and theviewer devices 112.

As illustrated, the series of acts 500 includes an act 502 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving a digital preparation room creationrequest in connection with creating a public combined live video streamfrom one of the participant devices 110. For example, in setting up alive video stream at a host device, the live video streaming system 106detects a request to have multiple participant devices gather in adigital preparation room before broadcasting the combined live videostream to viewer devices as the public combined live video stream.

In some implementations, the digital preparation room creation requestincludes which participant devices to include in the digital preparationroom. For example, the host device provides a list of participantdevices to the live video streaming system 106, which then sendsinvitations out to join the digital preparation room. In alternativeimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 can create thedigital preparation room and provide a shareable link to the digitalroom to the host device. Further, the live video streaming system 106can grant access to any participant devices that access the digitalpreparation room via the link.

Additionally, in one or more implementations, the digital preparationroom creation request can establish parameters of the digital room. Forexample, the request indicates a start and/or end time of the digitalpreparation room. In some instances, the end time corresponds to thestart time of the public combined live video stream. Further, parameterscan include minimum bandwidth and/or connection requirements (e.g.,video quality metrics) for participant devices.

As illustrated, the series of acts 500 includes an act 504 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving live video streams from multipleparticipant devices 110. For example, in one or more implementations,the live video streaming system 106 receives a live video stream from ahost device as well as one or more additional participant devices 110.As mentioned above, in various implementations, the live video streamingsystem 106 receives the live video stream at the server device 102.

In addition, as shown, the series of acts 500 includes an act 506 of thelive video streaming system 106 generating a digital preparation room bycombining the live video streams (e.g., generating a non-public combinedlive video stream). For instance, in various implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 combines or composites the received livevideo streams (e.g., at the server device 102) into a digitalpreparation room live video stream (i.e., a live video stream for thedigital preparation room).

In many implementations, the digital preparation room enables theparticipant devices 110 to be present and ready before starting thepublic combined live video stream. For example, before going live to theviewer devices 112, the digital preparation room provides theopportunity for each participant device to address and overcometechnical hurdles (e.g., video and audio issues) of joining a publiccombined live video stream. For instance, the digital preparation roomprovides time for participant devices to commit their live video streamto the live video streaming system 106 (e.g., perform a two-way orthree-way commitment handshake). In addition, the digital preparationroom enables participant devices to grant permissions and authorizationsfor the live video streaming system 106 to share their live videostream.

Further, the digital preparation room provides the participant devices110 with a real-world venue where equipment can be tested and verified,but with the security of being “off-camera.” Moreover, the digitalpreparation room also allows for participant devices (e.g., usersassociated with the participant devices) to converse with each other andestablish a plan or agenda for the public combined live video stream ifone is not already in place.

Further, as shown, the series of acts 500 includes an act 508 of thelive video streaming system 106 providing the live video stream of thedigital preparation room to the participant devices 110. For example,the live video streaming system 106 can provide the live video stream ofthe digital preparation room within a digital preparation room graphicaluser interface (or simply a digital preparation room interface). In someimplementations, the digital preparation room interface indicates thatthe live video stream of the digital preparation room is only beingshown to the participant devices 110 within the digital preparationroom.

In one or more implementations, the digital preparation room interfaceprovides elements that enable one or more of the participant devices 110to set up or modify the framework of the pending public combined livevideo stream. For example, the digital preparation room interfaceprovides the host device (or another participant device) with options tomodify a participant device lineup (e.g., which participant devices areto join the public combined live video stream and when) or to add anactivity to the pending public combined live video stream. Further, thedigital preparation room interface can provide elements to managecontrols, permissions, and/or authorizations of the public combined livevideo stream, such as add other participant devices as moderators orco-host devices.

In some implementations, the digital preparation room interface includesa selectable broadcast element to transition the digital preparationroom to the public combined live video stream. For example, the digitalpreparation room interface at a participant device includes a “BroadcastRoom Live” or “Start Live Broadcast” graphical button or another virtualelement. Upon detecting selection of the element, the live videostreaming system 106 can begin broadcasting the live video stream of thedigital preparation room as the public combined live video stream. Insome implementations, the live video streaming system 106 updates thedigital preparation room interface to a public combined live videostream graphical user interface (or simply live video stream interface).

To illustrate, the series of acts 500 includes an act 510 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving input to broadcast the publiccombined live video stream to the viewer devices 112. In one or moreimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 detects user inputat the host device requesting that the digital preparation room bebroadcast to the viewer devices 112. In alternative implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 begins broadcasting the public combinedlive video stream to the viewer devices 112 at a predetermined time, asindicated by previously received input. In these implementations, thedigital preparation room interface can include a countdown indicatingthe time until the digital preparation room goes live to the viewerdevices 112.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 cantransition a subset of the participant devices 110 (e.g., less than all)from the digital preparation room to the public combined live videostream. For example, a non-video-participant device (e.g., a managerdevice) helps other participant devices get ready for the publiccombined live video stream and/or initiates the public combined livevideo stream does not join the public combined live video stream. Asanother example, one or more of the participant devices in the digitalpreparation room do remain in the digital preparation room at the startof the public combined live video stream. Here, the live video streamingsystem 106 can transition the digital preparation room to a digitalwaiting room at the start of the public combined live video stream.

As illustrated, the series of acts 500 includes an act 512 of the livevideo streaming system 106 broadcasting the public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112. As described above, in someimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 provides the livevideo stream of the digital preparation room to the viewer devices 112as the public combined live video stream. In some implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 utilizes the live video streams providedby the participant devices 110 in the digital preparation room to createa new and/or separate public combined live video stream, which is thenprovided to the viewer devices 112.

In one or more implementations, the act 512 includes the live videostreaming system 106 first broadcasting the live video stream of a hostdevice (e.g., of the participant devices 110) to the viewer devices 112.Then, the live video streaming system 106 adds the remaining participantdevices 110 to the live video stream. For example, the public combinedlive video stream initially includes the live video stream of the hostdevice, who first appears to introduce the additional participantdevices. Then, the live video streaming system 106 adds the remainingparticipant devices (e.g., one-by-one, as a group, or in multiplegroups). For instance, the host device provides input to the live videostreaming system 106 as to who and/or when to add each of theparticipant devices to the public combined live video stream.

FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate graphical user interfaces of a digitalpreparation room on various client devices in accordance with one ormore implementations. In particular, FIG. 6A shows a digital preparationroom interface on the host device 108 and FIG. 6B shows a digitalpreparation room interface on a participant device 110. Indeed, FIGS.6A-6B correspond to implementations where the live video streamingsystem 106 provides different digital preparation room interfaces to thehost device 108 and the other participant devices 110.

As mentioned, FIG. 6A shows the host device 108 displaying a digitalpreparation room interface 602 a (i.e., a digital preparation roomgraphical user interface). As shown, the digital preparation roominterface 602 a includes various notification elements, such as a roomtitle 604 and the active followers indication 314. In addition, thedigital preparation room interface 602 a includes the live streamsettings elements 312, which were introduced above. For example, thelive stream settings elements 312 include elements corresponding toadding or changing the title of the public combined live video stream(or a digital room), changing the setup or scheme of the public combinedlive video stream, modifying the layout of one or more live videostreams, adding activities to the public combined live video stream, andinviting participant devices to join the digital preparation room and/orthe public combined live video stream. The live stream settings elements312 can include additional, fewer, or different elements.

The digital preparation room interface 602 a also includes the digitalpreparation room live video stream 606. As described above, the livevideo streaming system 106 (e.g., at a server device) can combine livevideo streams from each participant device to generate the digitalpreparation room live video stream 606. Further, the live videostreaming system 106 can arrange the live video streams into a dynamiclayout based on a default layout scheme or a layout scheme selected bythe host device 108. Then, the live video streaming system 106 canprovide the digital preparation room live video stream 606 to each ofthe participant devices (e.g., to both the host device 108 and theparticipant devices 110).

As shown in the top frame, the digital preparation room live videostream 606 includes content (e.g., audio and images) from the live videostream of the host device 108. Further, the digital preparation roomlive video stream 606 includes content from two participant devicesshown in the bottom left and right frames. Indeed, while the digitalpreparation room live video stream 606 appears as separate live videostreams at the host device 108, the live video streaming system 106 canprovide the digital preparation room live video stream 606 to the hostdevice 108 as a single, uniform live video stream.

In addition, the digital preparation room interface 602 a includesparticipant device removal elements 608 for the host device 108 toremove a participant device. Based on detecting selection of aparticipant device removal elements 608 corresponding to a targetparticipant device, the live video streaming system 106 can drop thetarget participant device. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 can provide instructions to the host device 108 asto where to locate each of the participant device removal elements 608over the digital preparation room live video stream 606 so that eachelement corresponds to a different participant device. In alternativeimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 allows the hostdevice 108 to remove participant devices using other approaches, such asfrom a drop-down list or from a live stream settings element.

As mentioned above, the digital preparation room interface 602 a caninclude a selectable element to transition the digital preparation roomto the public combined live video stream. To illustrate, the digitalpreparation room interface 602 a includes a live broadcast element 610(e.g., the button that reads “Broadcast Room Live”) at the top of theroom interface. Upon detecting selection on the live broadcast element610, the live video streaming system 106 can convert the digitalpreparation room live video stream 606 to a public combined live videostream, as described previously. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 can instantaneously transition the combined live video streamof the participant devices (e.g., the digital preparation room livevideo stream) to the public combined live video stream, provide acountdown within the digital preparation room interface 602 a indicatingwhen the change will occur, and/or provide an option to transition tothe public combined live video stream at a future time (e.g., in 1minute or at 7:00 PM).

FIG. 6B illustrates a participant device 110 that includes a digitalpreparation room interface 602 b. Here, the participant device cancorrespond to the participant shown in the bottom right section. Asshown, the digital preparation room interface 602 b differs from thedigital preparation room interface 602 a shown on the client device inFIG. 6A. Indeed, in various implementations, the live video streamingsystem 106 can provide different versions of the digital preparationroom interface to a host device than to other participant devices. Insome implementations, however, the live video streaming system 106 canprovide a host device and one or more of the participant devices withthe same digital preparation room interface.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the digital preparation room interface 602 bincludes various notification elements, such as the room title 604 and anon-broadcast notification 612. In various implementations, thenon-broadcast notification 612 provides additional information to theparticipant device 110 that the digital preparation room live videostream 606 is not being sent to viewer devices, but only send toparticipant devices in the digital preparation room.

In addition, the digital preparation room interface 602 b includes thedigital preparation room live video stream 606. In many implementations,the live video streaming system 106 provides the same digitalpreparation room live video stream 606 to the participant device 110 asis provided to the host device 108. In alternative implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 sends a different digital preparationroom live video stream to a participant device (e.g., arranged in analternate arrangement).

Further, the digital preparation room interface 602 b includes an exitlive video stream element 614. For example, the participant device 110can exit the digital preparation room (and/or a corresponding combinedlive video stream) by selecting the exit live video stream element 614.In some implementations, upon selecting the exit live video streamelement 614, the live video streaming system 106 provides variousoptions to the participant device 110, such as transferring to anotherdigital room, as described below.

Turning now to FIGS. 7A-7C, additional description is provided withrespect to the live video streaming system 106 facilitating a publiccombined live video stream across various client devices. For example,FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate graphical user interfaces of a public combinedlive video stream on various client devices in accordance with one ormore implementations. In particular, FIG. 7A corresponds to a publiccombined live video stream displayed on the host device 108. FIG. 7Bcorresponds to a public combined live video stream displayed on theparticipant device 110. FIG. 7C corresponds to a public combined livevideo stream displayed on a viewer device 112.

As shown in FIG. 7A, the host device 108 includes a public combined livevideo stream interface 702 a (i.e., a public combined live video streamgraphical user interface). The public combined live video streaminterface 702 a includes a public combined live video stream 704. Asdescribed above, the live video streaming system 106 can generate thepublic combined live video stream 704 from combining the live videostreams received from participant devices. Indeed, while the publiccombined live video stream 704 can appear as multiple live video streamswithin the public combined live video stream interface 702 a, the publiccombined live video stream 704 is a single live video stream provided bythe live video streaming system 106, as described above.

As also shown, the public combined live video stream interface 702 aincludes notification elements, such as a live-broadcast notification706 and an active viewers count 708 and/or a number of participantdevices (not shown). The public combined live video stream interface 702a also includes participant device removal elements 710. Based ondetecting selection of a participant device removal elements 710corresponding to a target participant device, the live video streamingsystem 106 can drop the live video stream of target participant deviceand/or move the live video stream of the target participant device fromthe public combined live video stream 704 to a digital room, such as adigital post-participation room.

Further, the public combined live video stream interface 702 a includesan end broadcast element 712. In various implementations, upon selectingthe end broadcast element 712, the live video streaming system 106 endsbroadcasting the public combined live video stream to the participantdevices and the viewer devices 112. In some implementations, uponselecting the end broadcast element 712, the live video streaming system106 prompts the host device 108 whether to end broadcasting the publiccombined live video stream and/or to move the live video streams of oneor more participant devices to a digital room, such as an afterbroadcast room.

In one or more implementations, the public combined live video streaminterface 702 a includes a digital rooms element 714. As mentionedabove, the live video streaming system 106 can generate and utilizevarious digital rooms to facilitate transitioning participant devices inand out of the public combined live video stream 704. Accordingly, whenone or more participant devices are present in a digital room, thepublic combined live video stream interface 702 a can surface (e.g.,cause to appear, emphasize, or change the appearance of) the digitalrooms element 714. Upon selecting the digital rooms element 714, thelive video streaming system 106 can provide additional informationregarding a target digital room. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 indicates the number and/or names of each participant devicein occupied digital rooms. As another example, the live video streamingsystem 106 can show the live video stream of a target digital room upondetecting selection of the target digital room.

The public combined live video stream interface 702 a can includeadditional elements. For example, the public combined live video streaminterface 702 a can show comments from viewer devices 112 overlaid onthe public combined live video stream 704. In some implementations, thepublic combined live video stream interface 702 a provides additionalnotifications or indications. For instance, the live video streamingsystem 106 provides indications when a lineup change is scheduled tooccur or when participant devices are added or removed from the publiccombined live video stream 704.

FIG. 7B illustrates a participant device 110 that includes a publiccombined live video stream interface 702 b. Here, the participant device110 can correspond to the participant shown in the bottom right section.As shown, the public combined live video stream interface 702 b alsoincludes various notification elements and the public combined livevideo stream 704, as described previously with respect to FIG. 7A. Inaddition, the public combined live video stream interface 702 b includesthe exit live video stream element 614, which is described above.

As shown, the live video streaming system 106 provides the same publiccombined live video stream 704 to the host device 108 and theparticipant device 110. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 can provide different versions of the publiccombined live video stream. However, in both cases, the live videostreaming system 106 creates the one or more versions of the publiccombined live video stream at a server device and sends the publiccombined live video stream as a single live video stream to the hostdevice 108 and the participant device 110.

As mentioned, the live video streaming system 106 provides the publiccombined live video stream 704 to the viewer device 112. To illustrate,FIG. 7C shows a viewer device 112 that includes a public combined livevideo stream interface 702 c. As shown, the public combined live videostream interface 702 b includes the public combined live video stream704. The public combined live video stream interface 702 b can includeone or more notification elements, which can be the same or differentnotification elements from the host device 108 and/or the participantdevice 110. Further, the public combined live video stream interface 702b can include communication elements 716 where the viewer device 112 canprovide general or direct messages to the participant devices and/orother viewer devices as well as “like” a portion of the public combinedlive video stream.

In various implementations, the public combined live video streamprovided to the viewer device 112 can be a delayed or buffered versionof the public combined live video stream. As described above, the livevideo streaming system 106 can provide the public combined live videostream to the viewer device 112 using a communication protocol thatprioritizes video quality over latency. Accordingly, while the livevideo streaming system 106 can provide a real-time or near-real-timeversion of the public combined live video stream to the host device 108and the participant device 110 via a first communication protocol thatis prioritized for speed, the live video streaming system 106 can alsoprovide a buffered version the public combined live video stream to theviewer device 112 via a second communication protocol that isprioritized for video quality, as described above.

As mentioned above, FIGS. 8-9C provide additional detail regardingdigital waiting rooms. For instance, FIG. 8 illustrates a sequencediagram of a series of acts 800 of the live video streaming system 106generating and utilizing a digital waiting room in connection with apublic combined live video stream in accordance with one or moreimplementations. As shown, the series of acts 800 includes the livevideo streaming system 106 communicating with the participant devices110 (which can include a host device as well as a pending participantdevice) and the viewer devices 112.

As illustrated, the series of acts 800 includes an act 802 of the livevideo streaming system 106 broadcasting a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112, which is described previously. Inaddition, the series of acts 800 includes an act 804 of the live videostreaming system 106 receiving a live video stream from a pendingparticipant device. For example, a pending participant device desires toparticipate in the public combined live video stream. Accordingly, thepending participant device provides a live video stream to the livevideo streaming system 106.

In response, the live video streaming system 106 can create a digitalwaiting room for the pending participant device to wait before joiningthe public combined live video stream. To illustrate, the series of acts800 includes an act 806 of the live video streaming system 106generating a digital waiting room utilizing the live video stream fromthe pending participant device. For example, in various implementations,the live video streaming system 106 generates a digital waiting roomlive video stream from the live video stream of the pending participantdevice. If the live video streaming system 106 has previously created adigital waiting room with one or more additional pending participantdevices, the live video streaming system 106 can add the live videostream of the pending participant device to a previously generateddigital waiting room live video stream that includes the live videostreams of the one or more additional pending participant devices.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 can addmultiple pending participant devices into one digital waiting room. Inalternative implementations, the live video streaming system 106 cangenerate multiple digital waiting rooms for each pending participantdevice or groups of pending participant devices. For example, the livevideo streaming system 106 generates a first digital waiting room for afirst pending participant device that is to join the public combinedlive video stream at a first time. In addition, the live video streamingsystem 106 generates a second digital waiting room for a group ofpending participant devices that are to join the public combined livevideo stream at a second time.

As shown, the series of acts 800 includes an act 808 of the live videostreaming system 106 providing a digital waiting room live video streamto the pending participant device. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 can provide the digital waiting room live video stream to thepending participant device as well as any additional pending participantdevices. In some implementations, if the pending participant device isthe only pending participant device in the digital waiting room, thelive video streaming system 106 can send instructions to the pendingparticipant device that causes it to show its live video stream on thepending participant device within the room interface rather than thelive video streaming system 106 sending the pending participant device aduplicative copy of the digital waiting room live video stream.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 providesthe digital waiting room live video stream within a digital waiting roominterface. For example, the digital waiting room interface includes thedigital waiting room live video stream and the public combined livevideo stream. Examples and additional description of a digital waitingroom interface shown on a participant device is provided below inconnection with FIG. 9B.

In addition, the series of acts 800 includes an act 810 of the livevideo streaming system 106 providing the public combined live videostream to the pending participant device with a digital waiting roominterface. For instance, just as the live video streaming system 106 canprovide the digital waiting room live video stream within the digitalwaiting room interface, the live video streaming system 106 can alsoinclude the public combined live video stream within the digital waitingroom interface. In some implementations, the live video streaming system106 provides the public combined live video stream to the pendingparticipant device via the first communication protocol in real time ornear-real time.

By providing both the digital waiting room live video stream and thepublic combined live video stream within a digital waiting roominterface, the live video streaming system 106 enables the pendingparticipant device to prepare “off-camera” to join the public combinedlive video stream while also being kept up-to-date as to the state ofthe public combined live video stream. For example, while in the digitalwaiting room, the pending participant device can test and verify theirequipment (e.g., make sure the pending participant device is properlycapturing a live video stream), grant permissions and authorizations,and/or wait for the appropriate time to join the public combined livevideo stream.

In various implementations, while the pending participant device iswaiting in the digital waiting room, the live video streaming system 106generates an updated public combined live video stream that includes thelive video stream of the pending participant device as well as the livevideo streams of the current participant devices. However, the livevideo streaming system 106 keeps the updated public combined live videostream at the server device 102. Then, upon receiving input to add thepending participant device to the public combined live video stream, thelive video streaming system 106 begins providing (e.g., switches toprovide) the updated public combined live video stream to the viewerdevices 112 and/or the participant devices 110, as described below. Inthis manner, the live video streaming system 106 can instantaneously andseamlessly add additional participant devices to the public combinedlive video stream.

As illustrated, the series of acts 800 includes an act 812 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving input to add the pendingparticipant device to the public combined live video stream. In one ormore implementations, the pending participant device provides input tojoin the public combined live video stream. For example, the pendingparticipant device confirms that it is ready to join and, in response,the live video streaming system 106 adds the live video stream of thepending participant device to the public combined live video stream. Forinstance, the pending participant device is pre-authorized to join thepublic combined live video stream.

In some implementations, a host device provides input to the live videostreaming system 106 to add the pending participant device from thedigital waiting room to the public combined live video stream. Forinstance, upon the pending participant device joining the digitalwaiting room and/or becoming ready to join the public combined livevideo stream, the live video streaming system 106 can provide acorresponding indication to the host device. In response, the hostdevice can request that the live video streaming system 106 add thepending participant device to the public combined live video stream.

In one or more implementations, the indication provided to the hostdevice can include a text or graphic signaling that the pendingparticipant device in the digital waiting room is ready to join thecombined live video. For example, when the pending participant deviceenters the digital waiting room, the live video streaming system 106provides the digital waiting room live video stream (or an image of thedigital waiting room live video stream to the host device) so that thehost device can see when the pending participant device is ready to jointhe public combined live video stream.

As illustrated, the series of acts 800 includes an act 814 of the livevideo streaming system 106 adding the live video stream from the pendingparticipant device to the public combined live video stream. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 at the server device 102updates the public combined live video stream to include the live videostream of the pending participant device (e.g., now a participantdevice) as well as provide the updated public combined live video streamto the viewer devices 112, as shown in an act 816 of the series of acts800. Also, while not shown, the series of acts 800 can include an act ofthe live video streaming system 106 providing the updated publiccombined live video stream to the participant devices 110.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 adds thelive video stream of the pending participant device to the publiccombined live video stream upon receiving input from the pendingparticipant device, the host device, or another participant device. Inalternative implementations, the live video streaming system 106 candelay adding the live video stream of the pending participant device tothe public combined live video stream. For example, the live videostreaming system 106 delays adding the pending participant device, suchas until a predetermined time arrives or a countdown timer elapses.

Turning now to FIGS. 9A-9C, additional description is provided withrespect to the live video streaming system 106 providing a digitalwaiting room during a combined live video. In particular, FIGS. 9A-9Cillustrate graphical user interfaces that include a digital waiting roomand/or a public combined live video stream on various client devices inaccordance with one or more implementations. In particular, FIG. 9Acorresponds to a public combined live video stream displayed on the hostdevice 108 when a pending participant device is in a digital waitingroom. FIG. 9B corresponds to a pending participant device 910 waiting ina digital waiting room. FIG. 9C corresponds to the public combined livevideo stream displayed on a viewer device 112.

As shown in FIG. 9A, the host device 108 includes a public combined livevideo stream interface 902 a. The public combined live video streaminterface 902 a can include similar elements as described above inconnection with the public combined live video stream interface 702 a ofFIG. 7A. For example, the public combined live video stream interface902 a can include the public combined live video stream 704,notification elements, participant device removal elements, the endbroadcast element, and the digital rooms element 714 (which can appearor change when a digital room becomes occupied).

In addition, the public combined live video stream interface 902 a canalso include a digital waiting room live video stream 904 showing thepending participant device 910 and any additional pending participantdevices in the digital waiting room. As shown, the public combined livevideo stream interface 902 a can overlay the digital waiting room livevideo stream 904 on the public combined live video stream 704. Asdescribed above, when the digital waiting room becomes occupied by apending participant device and/or the pending participant deviceindicates a readiness to join the public combined live video stream, thelive video streaming system 106 can provide an indication to the hostdevice 108. For example, the live video streaming system 106 flashes orotherwise emphasizes the digital rooms element 714. Alternatively, thelive video streaming system 106 can automatically show the digitalwaiting room live video stream 904 over a portion of the public combinedlive video stream 704. In some implementations, the live video streamingsystem 106 otherwise notifies the host device 108, such as with a popupor on-screen text notification.

While the digital waiting room live video stream 904 is shown as anoverlay, in some implementations, the live video streaming system 106reduces the size of the public combined live video stream 704 to showthe digital waiting room live video stream 904 adjacent to the publiccombined live video stream 704. In one or more implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 enables the host device 108 to move, close,or minimize the digital waiting room live video stream 904.

As shown, in connection with the digital waiting room live video stream904, the public combined live video stream interface 902 a includes aparticipant device inclusion element 906 (e.g., the “Add To Live”graphical button). For example, upon detecting selection of theparticipant device inclusion element 906, the live video streamingsystem 106 joins the pending participant device in the digital waitingroom to the public combined live video stream. In this manner, the hostdevice 108 can introduce and prepare the viewer devices 112 for thepublic combined live video stream 704 to update to include the pendingparticipant device 910. Additionally, if the digital waiting room livevideo stream 904 shows multiple pending participant devices in thedigital waiting room, the live video streaming system 106 can furtherprompt the host device 108 whether to add all or a subset (e.g., lessthan all) of the pending participant devices in the digital waiting roomto the public combined live video stream 704.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 canprovide the digital waiting room live video stream 904 to otherparticipant devices currently participating in the public combined livevideo stream 704. For example, the live video streaming system 106 sendsthe digital waiting room live video stream 904 to a co-host or a pendingparticipant device having the authorization to add the pendingparticipant device 910 to the public combined live video stream 704.Indeed, the live video streaming system 106 can provide the digitalwaiting room live video stream 904 to one or more participant deviceswith or without the participant device inclusion element 906.

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system 106 can enable anon-participant device to manage some or all of the public combined livevideo stream. For example, a production manager device can assist thehost device 108 in adding a pending participant device to the publiccombined live video stream. In some implementations, while not shown,the live video streaming system 106 can provide the non-participantdevice with the same or similar user interface as the public combinedlive video stream interface 902 a provided to the host device 108, whichenables the non-participant device to perform many or all of the sameproduction functions as the host device 108 during the public combinedlive video stream. For instance, in various implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 can enable the non-participant device (via apublic combined live video stream interface) to communicate (e.g., viatext, audio, video) with the pending participant device 910 within thedigital waiting room prior to the pending participant device 910 joiningthe public combined live video stream.

FIG. 9B illustrates the pending participant device 910 that includes adigital waiting room interface 902 b (i.e., a digital waiting roomgraphical user interface). As shown, the digital waiting room interface902 b includes the digital waiting room live video stream 904 as well asthe public combined live video stream 704. Indeed, as described above,the digital waiting room interface 902 b enables a pending participantdevice to finalize preparations before joining the public combined livevideo stream 704 as well as correspond with other pending participantdevices (and/or non-video-participant devices) waiting in the digitalwaiting room.

In one or more implementations, if the pending participant device 910 isthe only pending participant device in the digital waiting room, thelive video streaming system 106 can skip sending the digital waitingroom live video stream back to the pending participant device 910 as itduplicates what the pending participant device 910 has sent to the livevideo streaming system 106. However, the live video streaming system 106can still receive the live video stream from the pending participantdevice 910 in order to verify connection attributes as well as generatethe live digital waiting room video stream, which can be provided to thehost device (and/or other participant devices).

In implementations where multiple pending participant devices are in thedigital waiting room, the live video streaming system 106 can generate adigital waiting room live video stream 904 that includes live videostreams from each of the pending participant devices. The live videostreaming system 106 can then provide the digital waiting room livevideo stream 904 to the pending participant device 910 within thedigital waiting room interface 902 b, as shown.

Further, the digital waiting room interface 902 b can display thedigital waiting room live video stream 904 and the public combined livevideo stream 704 in various arrangements. For example, the digitalwaiting room live video stream 904 can overlay the public combined livevideo stream 704. In an alternative example, the public combined livevideo stream 704 can overlay the digital waiting room live video stream904. Additionally, the digital waiting room live video stream 904 canenable the pending participant device 910 to move, close, or minimizethe digital waiting room live video stream 904 and/or the publiccombined live video stream 704.

FIG. 9C shows a viewer device 112 that includes a public combined livevideo stream interface 902 c, which is similar to the public combinedlive video stream interface 702 c described above in connection withFIG. 7C. For example, the public combined live video stream interface902 c includes the public combined live video stream 704. Notably, thepublic combined live video stream interface 902 c does not display thedigital waiting room or provide any indication that a pendingparticipant device is in a digital waiting room. Further, when thepending participant device 910 is added to the public combined livevideo stream 704, the live video streaming system 106 can update thelayout of the public combined live video stream 704 as previouslydescribed (e.g., at a server device), and seamlessly provide the updatedpublic combined live video stream to the viewer device 112.

As mentioned above, FIGS. 10-11C provide additional detail regardingdigital post-participation rooms. For instance, FIG. 10 illustrates asequence diagram of a series of acts 1000 of the live video streamingsystem 106 generating and utilizing a digital post-participation room inconnection with a public combined live video stream in accordance withone or more implementations. As shown, the series of acts 1000 includesthe live video streaming system 106 communicating with the participantdevices 110 (which can include a host device as well as a formerparticipant device) and the viewer devices 112.

As illustrated, the series of acts 1000 includes an act 1002 of the livevideo streaming system 106 broadcasting a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112. Broadcasting a public combined livevideo stream to the viewer devices 112 as described previously. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 provides a single livevideo stream that combines live video streams of the pending participantdevices 110.

In addition, the series of acts 1000 includes an act 1004 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving a request from a participant deviceto leave the public combined live video stream. In one or moreimplementations, a given participant device from the participant devices110 requests to leave the public combined live video stream. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 detects selection of anexit live video stream element at the given participant device.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system 106detects a host device requesting to remove the given participant devicefrom the public combined live video stream. For example, the live videostreaming system 106 detects selection of a participant device removalelement with respect to the given participant device. In someimplementations, the given participant device is scheduled to leave thepublic combined live video stream, such as at a set time (e.g., based ona participant line up), or after being on the public combined live videostream for a set duration (e.g., after 15 minutes).

As shown, the series of acts 1000 includes an act 1006 of the live videostreaming system 106 generating a digital post-participation room forthe leaving participant device. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 can move the live video stream of the given participantdevice from the public combined live video stream to the digitalpost-participation room. Indeed, the live video streaming system 106 cancreate a digital post-participation room live video stream utilizing thelive video stream of the departing participant device.

In one or more implementations, if the live video streaming system 106has previously created a digital post-participation room for aparticipant device that has previously left the public combined livevideo stream (e.g., a former participant device), the live videostreaming system 106 can join their live video stream together to formthe digital post-participation room live video stream (e.g., generate acombined live video stream). In alternative implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 can create a new digital post-participationroom for each participant device (or groups of participant devices) thatleave the public combined live video stream.

In various implementations, the act 1006 can include the live videostreaming system 106 updating the public combined live video stream inconnection with removing the live video stream of the given participantdevice to the digital post-participation room. Indeed, the live videostreaming system 106 can update, at the server device 102, the layoutand arrangement of the public combined live video stream upon removingthe given participant device.

As shown, the series of acts 1000 includes an act 1008 of the live videostreaming system 106 providing the digital post-participation room livevideo stream and an updated public combined live video stream to theformer participant device within a digital post-participation roominterface. For example, as with the digital waiting room describedabove, the live video streaming system 106 can provide a digitalpost-participation room graphical user interface (or post-participationroom interface) that includes both the live video stream of the digitalpost-participation room as well as the updated public combined livevideo stream to the former participant device (e.g., the givenparticipant device) within a post-participation room interface. Anexample of a post-waiting room interface on a former participant deviceis shown in FIG. 11B, which is described below.

In addition, as shown, the series of acts 1000 includes an act 1010 ofthe live video streaming system 106 providing the updated publiccombined live video stream to the viewer devices 112. In additionalimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 can also providethe digital post-participation room live video stream to the host deviceand/or the remaining participant devices participating in the publiccombined live video stream. Further, the live video streaming system 106can enable the host device to show or hide the digitalpost-participation room live video stream when it is occupied by one ormore former participant devices.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 combines adigital waiting room with a digital post-participation room. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 generates a combineddigital waiting room (e.g., an “off-camera” digital waiting room) thatincludes pending participant devices as well as pending participantdevices. In these implementations, both pending participant devices andformer participant devices can interact with each other off-camera whilestill monitoring the public combined live video stream. Further, thelive video streaming system 106 can provide a live video stream of thecombined digital waiting room to the host device and/or anotherparticipant device participating in the public combined live videostream

Turning now to FIGS. 11A-11C, additional description is provided withrespect to the live video streaming system 106 providing a digitalpost-participation room during a combined live video. In particular,FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate graphical user interfaces that include adigital post-participation room and/or a public combined live videostream on various client devices in accordance with one or moreimplementations. In particular, FIG. 11A corresponds to a publiccombined live video stream displayed on the host device 108 when aformer participant device is in a digital post-participation room. FIG.11B corresponds to a former participant device 1110 waiting in a digitalpost-participation room. FIG. 11C corresponds to the public combinedlive video stream displayed on a viewer device 112.

As shown in FIG. 11A, the host device 108 includes a public combinedlive video stream interface 1102 a. The public combined live videostream interface can include similar elements as described above inconnection with the public combined live video stream interface 702 a ofFIG. 7A. For example, the public combined live video stream interface1102 a can include the public combined live video stream 704,notification elements, participant device removal elements, the endbroadcast element, and the digital rooms element 714 (which can appearor change when a digital room becomes occupied).

In addition, the public combined live video stream interface 1102 a canalso include a digital post-participation room live video stream 1104showing the former participant device 1110 and any additional pendingparticipant devices in the digital post-participation room. As shown,the public combined live video stream interface 1102 a can overlay thedigital post-participation room live video stream 1104 on the publiccombined live video stream 704. As described above, when the digitalpost-participation room becomes occupied by a former participant device,the live video streaming system 106 can provide a correspondingindication to the host device 108. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 emphasizes the digital rooms element 714. Alternatively, thelive video streaming system 106 can automatically show the digitalpost-participation room live video stream 1104 over a portion of thepublic combined live video stream 704.

While the digital post-participation room live video stream 1104 isshown as an overlay, in some implementations, the live video streamingsystem 106 reduces the size of the public combined live video stream 704to show the digital post-participation room live video stream 1104adjacent to the public combined live video stream 704. In one or moreimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 enables the hostdevice 108 to move, close, hide, or minimize the digitalpost-participation room live video stream 1104.

As shown, in connection with the digital post-participation room livevideo stream 1104, the public combined live video stream interface 1102a includes a participant device re-invitation element 1106 (e.g., the“Invite Back” graphical button). For example, upon detecting selectionof the participant device re-invitation element 1106, the live videostreaming system 106 adds the former participant device in the digitalpost-participation room to the public combined live video stream.Additionally, if the digital post-participation room live video stream1104 shows multiple former participant devices in the digitalpost-participation room, the live video streaming system 106 can furtherprompt the host device 108 whether to add all or a subset (e.g., lessthan all) of the former participant devices in the digitalpost-participation room to the public combined live video stream 704.Further, as with the digital waiting room, the live video streamingsystem 106 can provide the digital post-participation room live videostream 1104 to other participant devices currently participating in thepublic combined live video stream 704.

FIG. 11B illustrates the former participant device 1110 that includes adigital post-participation room interface 1102 b (i.e., a digitalpost-participation room graphical user interface). As shown, the digitalpost-participation room interface 1102 b includes the digitalpost-participation room live video stream 1104 as well as the publiccombined live video stream 704 (e.g., an updated public combined livevideo stream). The digital post-participation room interface 1102 benables a former participant device to wait off-camera until anappropriate time to rejoin the public combined live video stream 704 oruntil the public combined live video stream finishes.

As shown, the digital post-participation room interface 1102 b includesa rejoin request element 1108. When present, the rejoin request element1108 allows the former participant device 1110 to rejoin the publiccombined live video stream 704. For example, in one or moreimplementations, upon detecting selection of the rejoin request element1108, the live video streaming system 106 adds the former participantdevice 1110 back into the public combined live video stream 704. Inalternative implementations, upon detecting selection of the rejoinrequest element 1108, the live video streaming system 106 sends arequest to a participant device (e.g., the host device) for the formerparticipant device 1110 to rejoin the public combined live video stream704.

In implementations where multiple former participant devices are in thedigital post-participation room, the live video streaming system 106 cangenerate a digital post-participation room live video stream 1104 thatincludes live video streams from each of the former participant devices.The live video streaming system 106 can then provide the digitalpost-participation room live video stream 1104 to the former participantdevice 1110 within the digital post-participation room interface 1102 b.

Further, as with the digital waiting room, the digitalpost-participation room interface 1102 b can display the digitalpost-participation room live video stream 1104 and the public combinedlive video stream 704 in various arrangements. For example, in someinstances, the live video streaming system 106 enables the formerparticipant device 1110 to move, overlay, hide, or minimize the digitalpost-participation room live video stream 1104.

FIG. 11C shows a viewer device 112 that includes a public combined livevideo stream interface 1102 c, which is similar to the public combinedlive video stream interface 702 a described above in connection withFIG. 7C. For example, the public combined live video stream interface1102 c includes the public combined live video stream 704. Notably, thepublic combined live video stream interface 1102 c does not display thedigital post-participation room or provide any indication that a formerparticipant device is in a digital post-participation room. Further,when the former participant device 1110 is removed from the publiccombined live video stream 704, the live video streaming system 106 canupdate the layout of the public combined live video stream 704 aspreviously described (e.g., at a server device), and seamlessly providethe updated public combined live video stream to the viewer device 112.

As mentioned above, FIGS. 12-13C provide additional detail regardingdigital after broadcast rooms (or simply after broadcast rooms). Forinstance, FIG. 12 illustrates a sequence diagram of a series of acts1200 of the live video streaming system 106 generating and utilizing anafter broadcast room following a public combined live video stream inaccordance with one or more implementations. As shown, the series ofacts 1200 includes the live video streaming system 106 communicatingwith the participant devices 110 (which can include a host device) andthe viewer devices 112.

As illustrated, the series of acts 1200 includes an act 1202 of the livevideo streaming system 106 broadcasting a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 provides a single live video stream that combines live videostreams of the pending participant devices 110 as arranged at the serverdevice 102.

In addition, the series of acts 1200 includes an act 1204 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving a request from a participant deviceto end the public combined live video stream. For example, the livevideo streaming system 106 detects selection of an end broadcast elementat the host device, as described above. In one or more implementations,the live video streaming system 106 can end the public combined livevideo stream and drop all connections with the participant devices aswell as the viewer devices 112.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 can providean after broadcast room for the participant devices 110, includingformer participant devices. For example, the host device can requestthat the live video streaming system 106 provide an after broadcast roomwhile setting up the public combined live video stream, during thepublic combined live video stream, or in connection with ending thepublic combined live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 1200 includes an act 1206 of the live videostreaming system 106 generating an after broadcast room by moving one ormore live video streams from the participant devices to the afterbroadcast room. For example, the live video streaming system 106 cangenerate an after broadcast room live video stream (e.g., a combinedlive video stream) by combining live video streams of participantdevices from the public combined live video stream and/or live videostreams of former participant devices (e.g., former participant deviceswaiting in the digital post-participation room). In some implementationswhere a viewer device has access to the digital post-participation room,the live video streaming system 106 can also provide the viewer devicewith access to the after broadcast room, as described below.

As illustrated, the series of acts 1200 includes an act 1208 of the livevideo streaming system 106 ending the broadcast of the public combinedlive video stream to the viewer devices 112. For example, in variousimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 provides anotification to the viewer devices 112 that the public combined livevideo stream has ended. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 allows viewer devices 112 to watch a recording ofthe public combined live video stream.

In addition, the series of acts 1200 includes an act 1210 of the livevideo streaming system 106 providing the after broadcast room live videostream to the participant devices 110. For example, after the publiccombined live video stream stops broadcasting the public combined livevideo stream to the viewer devices 112, the live video streaming system106 can continue to provide the after broadcast room live video streamto the participant devices 110 participating in the after broadcastroom. Indeed, in many implementations, the after broadcast room livevideo stream is a private live video stream offered only to participantdevices of the public combined live video stream.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 providesthe after broadcast room live video stream to the participant devices110 in an after broadcast room graphical user interface (or afterbroadcast room interface). In this manner, the participant devices candiscuss and/or debrief the public combined live video stream privately.As described below, the after broadcast room interface can appearsimilar to the public combined live video stream interface and/or thedigital preparation room interface.

As shown, the series of acts 1200 includes an optional act 1212 of thelive video streaming system 106 providing the after broadcast room livevideo stream to a subset of viewer devices 112. For example, the livevideo streaming system 106 identifies a subset of the viewer devices 112to view the after broadcast room live video stream.

Indeed, the live video streaming system 106 can offer the afterbroadcast room live video stream as a VIP experience to some of theviewer devices 112. In a number of implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 identifies the subset of viewer devices based ondigital purchases, digital bids, or other activity metrics associatedwith the viewer devices 112. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 determines which viewer devices 112 to include inthe subset based on analyzing activity metrics of the viewer devices112, as further described below.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system 106 cangenerate the after broadcast room live video stream by stopping thebroadcast of the public combined live video stream to the viewer devices112 (except for the selected subset, if any). Further, if a pendingparticipant device is present in a digital post-participation room, thelive video streaming system 106 can also add the live video streams ofthe former participant device to the after broadcast room live videostream. Further, in some implementations, one or more viewer devices 112can be selected as target viewer devices, as further described below,where these target viewer devices can participate in the after broadcastroom.

Turning now to FIGS. 13A-13C, additional description is provided withrespect to the live video streaming system 106 providing an afterbroadcast room following a combined live video. In particular, FIGS.13A-13C illustrate graphical user interfaces that include an afterbroadcast room on various client devices in accordance with one or moreimplementations. In particular, FIG. 13A corresponds to an afterbroadcast room displayed on the host device 108. FIG. 13B corresponds tothe after broadcast room displayed on a participant device 110. FIG. 13Ccorresponds to the after broadcast room displayed on a viewer device 112(e.g., a viewer device within the subset of selected viewer devices).

As shown in FIG. 13A, the host device 108 includes an after broadcastroom interface 1302 a. The after broadcast room interface 1302 a caninclude one or more similar elements as described above, such as a roomtitle, notification elements including a private notification element1306 and an active viewers count 1308, an after broadcast room livevideo stream 1304, participant device removal elements, and an end roomelement 1310.

In one or more implementations, the private notification element 1306indicates that the live video streaming system 106 is not broadcastingthe after broadcast room live video stream to an open group of viewerdevices. In some implementations, the private notification element 1306may signal whether the after broadcast room is limited to participantdevices, a select group of participant devices, or a subset of viewerdevices. For example, when displayed in connection with the activeviewers count 1308, the private notification element 1306 indicates thata select set of viewer devices have been granted access to the afterbroadcast room.

As shown, the after broadcast room interface 1302 a includes the endroom element 1310. In one or more implementations, selecting the endroom element 1310 causes the live video streaming system 106 to end theafter broadcast room and stop receiving the live video stream of theparticipant devices. In some implementations, selecting the end roomelement 1310 causes the live video streaming system 106 to providevarious options to the host device 108, such as providing the hostdevice to end the after broadcast room or to disconnect the subset ofviewer devices.

In various implementations, the after broadcast room interface 1302 acan include one or more room configuration options. For example, thelive video streaming system 106 enables the host device 108 to modifythe layout, size, or arrangement of the after broadcast room live videostream. As another example, the live video streaming system 106 allowsthe host device 108 to resume or start a new public combined live videostream with the participant devices in the after broadcast room.

FIG. 13B illustrates a participant device 110 that includes an afterbroadcast room interface 1302 b. Here, the participant device cancorrespond to the participant shown in the bottom right section. Asshown, the after broadcast room interface 1302 b includes the afterbroadcast room live video stream 1304. In addition, the after broadcastroom interface 1302 b includes other elements previously described suchas the notification elements and the exit live video stream element.

FIG. 13C shows a viewer device 112 corresponding to a viewer device inthe subset of viewer devices. As described above, in someimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 can determine asubset of viewer devices to view the after broadcast room and providethe subset of viewer devices access to the after broadcast room livevideo stream. As shown in FIG. 13C, the viewer device 112 includes anafter broadcast room interface 1302 c having the after broadcast roomlive video stream 1304.

FIGS. 1-13C, the corresponding text, and the examples provide severaldifferent systems, methods, techniques, components, and/or devices ofthe live video streaming system 106 in accordance with one or moreimplementations. In addition to the description herein, one or moreimplementations can also be described in terms of flowcharts includingacts for accomplishing a particular result. For example, FIG. 14 andFIG. 15 illustrate flowcharts of example sequences of acts in accordancewith various implementations. In addition, FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 may beperformed with more or fewer acts. Further, the acts may be performed indiffering orders. Additionally, the acts described herein may berepeated or performed in parallel with one another or parallel withdifferent instances of the same or similar acts.

While FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 each illustrate a series of acts according toparticular implementations, alternative implementations may omit, addto, reorder, and/or modify any of the acts shown. The series of acts ofFIG. 14 and FIG. 15 can be performed as part of a method. Alternatively,a non-transitory computer-readable medium can comprise instructions,when executed by one or more processors, cause a computing device (e.g.,a server device and/or a client device) to perform the series of acts ofFIG. 14 and FIG. 15. In still further implementations, a system performsthe acts of FIG. 14 and FIG. 15.

To illustrate, FIG. 14 shows a flowchart of a series of acts 1400 ofgenerating, providing, and broadcasting digital preparation roomsassociated with combined live video streams (e.g., public combined livevideo streams) in accordance with one or more implementations. As shown,the series of acts 1400 includes an act 1410 of receiving live videostreams from participant devices. For example, the act 1410 can includereceiving, at a server device, a plurality of live video streams from aplurality of participant devices. In various implementations, the serverdevice receives the plurality of live video stream via a firstcommunication protocol that prioritizes low latency over video quality.

As shown, the series of acts 1400 includes an act 1420 of generating adigital preparation room for the participant devices. For example, theact 1420 can include generating, at the server device, a digitalpreparation room for the plurality of participant devices. The act 1420can include multiple sub-acts, as described below.

As shown, the act 1420 includes a sub-act 1422 of combining the livevideo streams into a combined live video stream. For example, thesub-act 1422 can include combining the plurality of live video streamsfrom the plurality of participant devices into a combined live videostream (e.g., a non-public combined live video stream). In variousimplementations, the sub-act 1422 includes arranging the plurality oflive video streams into a layout and/or arrangement specified by aparticipant device (e.g., a host device).

As shown, the act 1420 includes a sub-act 1424 of providing the combinedlive video stream to the participant devices within a preparation roominterface. For example, the sub-act 1424 can include providing thecombined live video stream to the plurality of participant deviceswithin a digital preparation room interface. In one or moreimplementations, the digital preparation room interface includes one ormore notification elements that signal to the plurality of participantdevices that the combined live video stream (e.g., a live video streamof the digital preparation room) is not yet broadcasting to viewerdevices 112.

As shown, the series of acts 1400 includes an act 1430 of receiving userinteraction with a broadcast element of the preparation room interface.For example, the act 1430 can include receiving, from a firstparticipant device of the plurality of participant devices, userinteraction with a broadcast element of the digital preparation roominterface. In one or more implementations, the act 1430 includesdetecting selection of the broadcast element within the digitalpreparation room interface of a participant device (e.g., a host device)requesting to broadcast the digital preparation room to the viewerdevices.

As shown, the series of acts 1400 includes an act 1440 of broadcastingthe combined live video stream to viewer devices. For example, the act1440 can include broadcasting the combined live video stream (e.g., apublic combined live video stream) to a plurality of viewer devicesbased on the user interaction with the broadcast element. In one or moreimplementations, the act 1440 includes providing the combined live videostream to the plurality of viewer devices within a networking system(e.g., a social networking system or a media sharing networking system).

In one or more implementations, the act 1440 includes providing, fordisplay at the first participant device before broadcasting the combinedlive video stream (e.g., a public combined live video stream) to theplurality of viewer devices, a live broadcast user interface thatincludes broadcast participation elements indicating one or moreparticipation triggers for participant devices to participate in thecombined live video stream. Further, based on receiving a selection of abroadcast participation element from the first participant device, theact 1440 can also include identifying a participation trigger andbroadcasting the combined live video stream to the plurality of viewerdevices in accordance with the participation trigger. In someimplementations, the participation trigger includes at least one of atrigger for adding a participant device to the combined live videostream, a trigger for removing a participant device from the combinedlive video stream, a trigger for transitioning a participant device froma digital preparation room to the combined live video stream, a triggerfor transitioning a participant device from a digital waiting room tothe combined live video stream, or a trigger for transitioning aparticipant device from the combined live video stream to apost-participation room.

The series of acts 1400 can include various additional acts. Forexample, in one or more implementations, the series of acts 1400 caninclude the acts of receiving, at the server device, an additional livevideo stream from a pending participant device; and generating, at theserver device, a digital waiting room by generating a digital waitingroom live video stream including the additional live video stream fromthe pending participant device and providing, for display at the pendingparticipant device, a digital waiting room interface that includes thecombined live video stream and the digital waiting room live videostream.

In some implementations, the series of acts 1400 can include the acts ofending the combined live video stream broadcast to the plurality ofviewer devices; and generating, at the server device, an after broadcastroom for one or more participant devices of the plurality of participantdevices by combining one or more of the plurality of live video streamsfrom the one or more participant devices into an after broadcast roomlive video stream and providing the after broadcast room live videostream to the one or more participant devices. In additionalimplementations, the series of acts 1400 can also include the acts ofidentifying a subset of viewer devices from the plurality of viewerdevices based on one or more activity metrics associated with theplurality of viewer devices and providing access to the after broadcastroom live video stream to the subset of the viewer devices.

In various implementations, the series of acts 1400 can include the actsof removing, from the combined live video stream, one or more live videostreams of one or more participant devices of the plurality ofparticipant devices during the combined live video stream; andgenerating, at the server device, a digital post-participation room forthe one or more participant devices removed from the combined live videostream by combining the one or more live video streams of the one ormore participant devices into a post-participation room live videostream and providing, for display at the one or more participantdevices, a post-participation room user interface that includes thecombined live video stream and the post-participation room live videostream.

In some implementations, the series of acts 1400 can include the acts ofdetecting, at the server device, that a live video stream from the firstparticipant device is removed from the combined live video stream;determining that the first participant device is starting a new livevideo stream within a predetermined amount of time of when the livevideo stream from the first participant device was removed from thecombined live video stream; based on determining that the firstparticipant device is starting the new live video stream within thepredetermined amount of time, providing a resume live video streamoption for the first participant device to resume the combined livevideo stream; and based on user interaction with the resume live videostream option, resuming the broadcast of the combined live video streamto the plurality of viewer devices. In various implementations, theseries of acts 1400 can include the acts of providing a first version ofthe combined live video stream to the plurality of participant devicesand broadcasting a second buffered version of the combined live videostream to the plurality of viewer devices.

As a further illustration, FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of a series of acts1500 of generating, providing, and broadcasting digital waiting rooms inconnection with combined live video streams (e.g., public combined livevideo streams) in accordance with one or more implementations. As shown,the series of acts 1500 includes an act 1510 of broadcasting a combinedlive video stream, which includes live video streams from a firstparticipant device and a second participant device, to viewer devices.For example, the act 1510 can include broadcasting, from a serverdevice, a combined live video stream to a plurality of viewer devices,the combined live video stream including a first live video stream froma first participant device and a second live video stream from a secondparticipant device.

As shown, the series of acts 1500 includes an act 1520 of generating adigital waiting room. For example, the act 1520 can include generating,at the server device, a digital waiting room. In some implementations,the act 1520 is based on receiving input from a participant device(e.g., a host device) requesting the creation of the digital waitingroom. The act 1520 can include multiple sub-acts, as described below.

As shown, the act 1520 includes a sub-act 1522 of generating a digitalwaiting room live video stream including a third live video streamreceived from a pending participant device. For example, the sub-act1522 can include generating a digital waiting room live video streamincluding a third live video stream received from a pending participantdevice. In some implementations, the sub-act 1522 can include generatingthe digital waiting room live video stream for additional live videostreams received from additional pending participant devices.

In one or more implementations, the sub-act 1522 can include providingan indication to the first participant device that the pendingparticipant device is ready to be added to the combined live streambased on receiving the third live stream from the pending participantdevice and receiving, from the first participant device, a userinteraction to move the third live video stream from the digital waitingroom live video stream to the combined live video stream. In additionalimplementations, the sub-act 1522 can include receiving user interactionfrom the first participant device before broadcasting the combined livevideo stream to the plurality of viewer devices, where the userinteraction indicates moving the third live video stream to the combinedlive video stream upon one or more participation triggers beingsatisfied and adding the third live video stream to the combined livevideo stream by moving the third live video stream from the digitalwaiting room to the combined live video stream in accordance with theone or more participation triggers.

As shown, the act 1520 includes a sub-act 1524 of providing a digitalwaiting room interface that includes the combined live video stream andthe digital waiting room live video stream. For example, the sub-act1524 can include providing, for display at the pending participantdevice, a digital waiting room interface that includes the combined livevideo stream (e.g., a public combined live video stream) and the digitalwaiting room live video stream. In some implementations, the sub-act1524 includes providing the digital waiting room live video stream asthe indication to the first participant device. In variousimplementations, the digital waiting room live video stream is notviewable by the plurality of viewing devices until the digital waitingroom live video stream is added to the combined live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 1500 includes an act 1530 of adding thethird live video stream to the combined live video stream beingbroadcast to the viewer devices. For example, the act 1530 can includeadding the third live video stream with the first live video stream andthe second live video stream within the combined live video stream beingbroadcast to the plurality of viewer devices. In implementations wheremultiple pending participant devices are in the digital waiting room,the act 1530 can include adding all, or a subset (e.g., less than all)of the live video streams of the pending participant devices to thecombined live video stream.

The series of acts 1500 can include various additional acts. Forexample, in one or more implementations, the series of acts 1500 caninclude the acts of receiving, at the server device, a fourth live videostream from an additional pending participant device; and generating atthe server device, the digital waiting room by combining the third livevideo stream from the pending participant device and the fourth livevideo stream from the additional pending participant device into thedigital waiting room live video stream and providing, for display at thepending participant device and the additional pending participantdevice, the digital waiting room interface that includes the combinedlive video stream and the digital waiting room live video stream. Inadditional implementations, the series of acts 1500 can include the actof adding the third live video stream and the fourth live video streamwith the first live video stream and the second live video stream withinthe combined live video stream being broadcast to the plurality ofviewer devices

Turning now to FIGS. 16-20, additional detail is provided regardingidentifying target viewer devices to participate in public combined livevideo streams along with adding and removing target viewer devices fromthe public combined live video streams. For example, FIG. 16 illustratesan overview diagram of a series of acts 1600 for adding and removingviewer devices to and from a public combined live video stream based onactivity metrics in accordance with one or more implementations. Invarious implementations, the live video streaming system 106 and/or thenetworking system 104 perform the actions shown in the series of acts1600.

As shown, the series of acts 1600 includes an act 1602 of the live videostreaming system 106 broadcasting a public combined live video stream toviewer devices 112. As described above, the live video streaming system106 can receive and combine live video streams from a host device aswell as other participant devices into a public combined live videostream. In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106synchronizes the live video stream according to their timestamps and/orarranges the live video streams into a given arrangement as part ofgenerating the public combined live video stream. Further, the livevideo streaming system 106 can broadcast a real-time or a bufferedversion of the public combined live video stream to the viewer devices112, as described above.

As also shown, the series of acts 1600 includes an act 1604 of the livevideo streaming system 106 analyzing activity metrics associated withthe viewer devices with respect to the public combined live videostream. As disclosed above, activity metrics can include implicit orexplicit activity data provided by, or detected from, viewer devicesdisplaying the public combined live video stream and/or participantdevices. For example, in one or more implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 actively receives activity metrics from the viewerdevices 112 with respect to the public combined live video stream. Inalternative implementations, the live video streaming system 106passively monitors activity metrics of the viewer devices 112.

As further described below, the live video streaming system 106 cananalyze one or more activity metrics based on which participationtriggers are associated with the public combined live video stream. Forexample, based on a particular participation trigger selected for thepublic combined live video stream, the live video streaming system 106can determine a target activity metric (or set of activity metrics) toanalyze from each of the viewer devices 112.

Based on analyzing the activity metrics, the live video streaming system106 can identify a target viewer device to participate in the publiccombined live video stream, as shown in an act 1606 of the series ofacts 1600. For example, the live video streaming system 106 compares theactivity metrics among the viewer devices 112 to determine a targetviewer device that satisfies a participation trigger associated with thepublic combined live video stream. In various implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 determines a target viewer device based on acombination of multiple activity metrics. In some implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 identifies multiple target viewerdevices.

As shown, the series of acts 1600 includes an act 1608 of the live videostreaming system 106 adding a live video stream of the target viewerdevice to the public combined live video stream. In one or moreimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 requests andreceives the live video stream of the target viewer device. Further, asdescribed above, the live video streaming system 106 can add the livevideo stream of the target viewer device to the live video streamingsystem of the host device and the other participant devices within thepublic combined live video stream. Additionally, as illustrated inconnection with the act 1608, the live video streaming system 106 canprovide the updated public combined live video stream to the viewerdevices 112.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system 106 canselect a target viewer device to view and/or participate in a digitalroom. For example, in some implementations, the live video streamingsystem 106 determines a target viewer device to participate in a digitalroom, such as a digital waiting room or digital post-participant room.In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 can alsoselect a target viewer device to view a digital room (e.g., a digitalwaiting room or an after broadcast room).

As shown, the series of acts 1600 includes an act 1610 of the live videostreaming system 106 removing the live video stream of a participantdevice from the public combined live video stream based on the activitymetrics. For example, in various implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 analyzes the activity metrics from the viewerdevices 112 to determine which participant device to remove from thepublic combined live video stream at a given time. In someimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 analyzes activitymetrics from the participant devices to determine which participantdevice to remove. Indeed, the live video streaming system 106 can addand remove participant devices from the public combined live videostream based on activity metrics, as further described below.

FIG. 17 illustrates a sequence diagram of a series of acts 1700 ofidentifying a target viewer device to add to a public combined livevideo stream based on analyzing activity metrics in accordance with oneor more implementations. As shown, the series of acts 1700 includes thelive video streaming system 106 communicating with the participantdevices 110 (which can include a host device) and the viewer devices112.

As illustrated, the series of acts 1700 includes an act 1702 of the livevideo streaming system 106 receiving participation triggers for addingand removing participant devices. In one or more implementations, theact 1702 includes the live video streaming system 106 providing a userinterface that includes a selection of broadcast participation elements.Additionally, each of the broadcast participation elements can beassociated with one or more participation triggers. Accordingly, inthese implementations, the live video streaming system 106 can detect aselection of a broadcast participation element and determine one or morecorresponding participation triggers to associate with a public combinedlive video stream. Additional detail regarding receiving participationtriggers based on selected broadcast participation elements is providedbelow in connection with FIGS. 18A-18B.

As shown, the series of acts 1700 includes the act 1704 of the livevideo streaming system 106 broadcasting a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112. Indeed, as previously described, thelive video streaming system 106 receives and combines live video streamsfrom the participant devices 110. In various implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 generates the public combined live videostream according to the participation triggers previously received, asfurther described below in connection with FIGS. 18A-18B.

The series of acts 1700 also includes an act 1706 of the live videostreaming system 106 analyzing activity metrics of the viewer devices112 during the public combined live video stream. For instance, the livevideo streaming system 106 actively or passively receives activitymetrics from the viewer devices 112. Often, for each activity metric,the live video streaming system 106 can numerically rank, order,prioritize, arrange, and/or score the viewer devices 112. Additionaldetail regarding analyzing activity metrics of the viewer devices 112 isprovided below in connection with FIG. 19.

As shown, the series of acts 1700 includes an act 1708 of the live videostreaming system 106 identifying a target viewer device to participatein the public combined live video stream based on the activity metricsand the participation triggers. In various implementations, the livevideo streaming system 106 can utilize the analyzed activity metrics inconnection with the received participation triggers to identify one ormore target viewer devices. Indeed, the live video streaming system 106can utilize the participation triggers to identify one or more targetactivity metrics and identify a target viewer device based on comparingthe target activity metrics among the viewer devices 112. Additionaldetail regarding identifying a target viewer device is provided below inconnection with FIG. 19.

As also shown, the series of acts 1700 includes an act 1710 of the livevideo streaming system 106 inviting the target viewer device to become aparticipant device. For example, in one or more implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 sends a notification to the targetviewer device confirming participation in the public combined live videostream. In alternative implementations, the live video streaming system106 sends a notification (e.g., a countdown) to the target viewer devicethat it will shortly join the public combined live video stream. In someimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 does not provide aninvitation to begin adding the target viewer device to the publiccombined live video stream without an explicit invitation.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 sends aprompt to the target viewer device seeking permission to publicly and/orprivately share their live video stream (e.g., within the publiccombined live video stream). In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 receives permission from the target viewer devicewhen the viewer device first accesses the public combined live videostream. In various implementations, the target viewer device haspreviously granted the live video streaming system 106 permission toutilize and broadcast their live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 1700 includes an act 1712 of the live videostreaming system 106 transitioning the target viewer device from aviewer device to a participant device. As shown, the act 1712 shows thelive video streaming system 106 moving the target viewer device from theviewer devices 112 to the participant devices 110. For simplicity, thisdisclosure will continue to refer to the target viewer device as thetarget viewer device even after it has become a participant device. Insome implementations, the target viewer device receives differentbroadcasting permissions and options from other participant devices inthe public combined live video stream. For example, the target viewerdevice is limited to participating only in the public combined livevideo stream while other participant devices, such as the host device,can modify broadcast settings, participation triggers, and/orparticipants.

As part of transitioning the target viewer device to the public combinedlive video stream, the live video streaming system 106 may performseveral additional acts (e.g., acts 1714-1720). To illustrate, as shown,the series of acts 1700 includes an act 1714 of the live video streamingsystem 106 receiving a live video stream from the target viewer device.For example, the live video streaming system 106 begins receiving thelive video stream from the target viewer device at the server device102. In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 addsthe live video stream from the target viewer device to a digital room(e.g., a digital waiting room) before joining it to the public combinedlive video stream.

In addition, the series of acts 1700 includes an act 1716 of the livevideo streaming system 106 adding the live video stream from the targetviewer device to the public combined live video stream. For example, invarious implementations, the live video streaming system 106 generatesan updated public combined live video stream by aligning the live videostream from the target viewer device with the live video streams of theother participant devices 110 (e.g., based on timestamp) and/ormodifying the layout arrangement of video streams to accommodate thelive video stream of the target viewer device. In some implementations,the live video streaming system 106 removes a current live video stream(e.g., from a previous target viewer device) in connection with addingthe live video stream from the target viewer device.

Upon generating the updated public combined live video stream, the livevideo streaming system 106 can provide the updated public combined livevideo stream to the participant devices 110, as shown by an act 1718 ofthe series of act 1700. For example, as described above, the live videostreaming system 106 can provide the updated public combined live videostream to the participant devices 110, including the target viewerdevice, using a real-time communication protocol. The live videostreaming system 106 can also provide the updated public combined livevideo stream to the viewer devices 112, as shown by an act 1720 of theseries of acts 1700. For instance, as described above, the live videostreaming system 106 can provide a buffered version of the updatedpublic combined live video stream to the viewer devices 112 utilizing adifferent communication protocol.

As mentioned above, FIGS. 18A-18B correspond to providing broadcastparticipation elements to a participant device (e.g., a host device)within a graphical user interface (e.g., a host user interface) inconnection with a public combined live video stream. To illustrate,FIGS. 18A-18B show graphical user interfaces for establishing parametersfor adding and removing viewer devices from a public combined live videostream in accordance with one or more implementations. In particular,FIGS. 18A-18B show versions of a host graphical user interface 1802 (orsimply “host user interface 1802”) on the host device 108 that includeselements, features, graphics, and options for initiating a publiccombined live video stream.

Similar to the host user interface 302 described above in connectionwith FIG. 3A, the host user interface 1802 corresponds to the hostdevice 108 preparing to start a live video stream. As with FIG. 3A, thehost user interface 1802 can include the application settings element310, live stream settings elements 312, and the active followersindication 314, as described above. In addition, the host user interface1802 can include live images 306 of the host (e.g., a user) captured bythe host device 108, as previously disclosed.

As mentioned above in connection with FIG. 3A, the live stream settingselements 312 includes elements that can correspond to adding a title tothe public combined live video stream, changing the setup or scheme ofthe public combined live video stream, and adding activities to thepublic combined live video stream. As shown in FIG. 18A, the live videostreaming system 106 can detect selection of the “Setup” live streamsettings element and, in response, update the host user interface 1802to show a live stream setup menu 1804.

As shown, the live stream setup menu 1804 includes various live streamsetup options 1806 including options to enable, modify, and/or specify aparticipant lineup, eligibility requirements, digital purchase options,digital auction settings, host authorizations, room access, and commentsamong other live stream setup options 1806 not show. As mentioned above,these live stream setup options 1806 can correspond to broadcastparticipation elements for establishing the framework of a publiccombined live video stream. Further, each of the broadcast participationelements can be associated with participation triggers for participatingin a public combined live video stream.

To illustrate, the host user interface 1802 includes a participantlineup in the live stream setup options 1806. In one or moreimplementations, a participant lineup corresponds to one or moreparticipant devices that are scheduled to join the public combined livevideo stream. For example, the participant lineup can include aframework or agenda of times and/or duration of participant devices toparticipate in the public combined live video stream. For instance, theparticipant lineup indicates that Participant Devices A and B will joinat 1:00 pm for 30 mins, Participant Device C will join at 1:30 pm for 15mins, and Participant Devices C and D will join the public combined livevideo stream at 2:00 pm. In alternative implementations, the participantlineup lists participant devices that are anticipated to participatesometime during the public combined live video stream.

In additional implementations, as part of setting the participantlineup, the live video streaming system 106 can provide options to thehost device 108 to utilize digital rooms in adding and removingparticipant devices from the public combined live video stream. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 can create one or moredigital waiting rooms for participant devices that are to join duringthe public combined live video stream, as described above. Indeed, thelive video streaming system 106 can enable the host device 108 toprovide input assigning participant devices in the participant lineup toa digital preparation room, one or more digital waiting rooms, one ormore digital post-participation room, and/or an after broadcast room.

In additional implementations, the live video streaming system 106 cangenerate participation triggers in connection with the digital rooms.For instance, the live video streaming system 106 generates aparticipation trigger for transitioning a participant device from adigital room to the public combined live video stream (and vice versa).For example, one or more participation triggers to transfer a pendingparticipant device to the public combined live video stream can includereceiving input from a host device and/or a pending participant deviceto add the pending participant device, expiration of a timer within adigital room, and/or the pending participant device in a digital roommeeting minimum video quality broadcast requirements.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 displaysthe participant lineup to the viewer devices 112 during the publiccombined live video stream. For example, the live video streaming system106 adds digital stickers announcing a time when a participant devicewill join the public combined live video stream or indicate a newparticipant device joining (or leaving) the public combined live videostream. In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106makes the participant lineup, or portions thereof, available to viewerdevices 112 before, during or after a public combined live video stream.

As mentioned above, the live stream setup options 1806 includeeligibility requirements. For example, in one or more implementations,the host device 108 can provide a list of criteria for participation inthe public combined live video stream. For instance, the host device 108indicates that the live video streaming system 106 can automatically addparticipant devices that are associated with verified accounts, have athreshold number of followers, are socially connected to the host device108, are pre-approved by the host device 108, etc. Other examples ofeligibility requirements can include requiring that participant devicesprovide a live video stream that satisfies minimum quality metrics suchas a video quality level and minimum lag time. Further, eligibilityrequirements can include that a potential participant device agrees toparticipate and share (e.g., grant permission) their live video streambefore joining the public combined live video stream.

In some implementations, as part of the eligibility requirements, thelive video streaming system 106 applies participation triggers based ona selected eligibility requirement. For example, the live videostreaming system 106 implements a participation trigger for adding aparticipant device to the public combined live video stream and/or aparticipation trigger for removing a participant device from the publiccombined live video stream. In this manner, the live video streamingsystem 106 can broadcast the public combined live video stream inaccordance with the participation triggers being satisfied.

The live stream setup options 1806 also include digital purchaseoptions. In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system106 enables the host device 108 to setup digital purchase options inconnection with the public combined live video stream. For example, thehost device 108 can designate the public combined live video stream as afundraiser (e.g., accept tips and/or donations) or a promotional videostream (e.g., receive ad revenue). Additionally, or in the alternative,the host device 108 selects digital purchase options corresponding toviewer devices purchasing virtual or physical merchandise, and/orsponsorships.

In additional implementations, the digital purchase options correspondto the viewer devices 112 purchasing digital tickets. For example, thelive video streaming system 106 enables the host device 108 to set up aframework for purchasing access to digital rooms before, during or afterthe public combined live video stream (e.g., VIP dig access). As anotherexample, the live video streaming system 106 enables the host device 108to establish digital purchases for a viewer device to watch orparticipate in the public combined live video stream. In someimplementations, a digital ticket provides access to a limited portionof the public combined live video stream (e.g., purchase for a setduration of time or while a particular participant device isparticipating in the public combined live video stream).

In some implementations, the digital purchase can correspond to digitalsupport badges. For instance, the live video streaming system 106enables the host device 108 to select one or more levels of digitalsupport. In some instances, a digital support badge appears next to anidentity of a viewer device and/or comments of the viewer device withinthe public combined live video stream. The live video streaming system106 can enable the host device 108 to offer a variety of digital supportbadges to the viewer devices 112 during the public combined live videostream, which can trigger different responses from the live videostreaming system 106 (e.g., display a special or distinct graphic oremoji in connection with a viewer device during the public combined livevideo stream a thank you message from the host, or inclusion in asupporter's list).

As shown, the live stream setup options 1806 include an option fordigital auction settings. In one or more implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 provides digital auction settings to the hostdevice 108 to establish parameters for conducting a digital auctionduring the public combined live video stream. For example, the livevideo streaming system 106 enables the host device 108 to conduct one ormore auctions during the public combined live video stream where theviewer devices digitally bid to participate in the public combined livevideo stream. In some implementations, a digital auction corresponds toaccess to a digital room. For instance, the live video streaming system106 provides access to the after broadcast room (e.g., VIP access) tothe top five highest bidders during a public combined live video stream.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system 106 canreceive digital bids from viewer devices corresponding to money. In someimplementations, digital bids correspond to other factors. For example,viewer devices accumulate fan or follower points based on performingvarious actions. For instance, a viewer device obtains points bywatching the public combined live video stream for a predeterminedlength of time, commenting on the public combined live video stream,sharing the public combined live video stream with others, watchingother live video streams of the host device, etc. The viewer devicesthen place bids using their digital fan points. In variousimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 determines one ormore winners of a digital auction based on a combination of factors,such as monetary digital bids and fan point bids.

Additionally, the live stream setup options 1806 include options forhost authorizations. In one or more implementations, the host device 108can provide the live video streaming system 106 with input authorizinganother participant device to serve as a co-host or to pass control toanother participant device should the host device 108 prematurely exitthe public combined live video stream. In some implementations, the hostdevice 108 grants a subset of permissions to one or more participantdevices. For example, the host device 108 enables a participant deviceto add and remove other participant devices, have access to live videostreams of digital rooms, and/or modify other live stream setup options1806.

In one or more implementations, the live video streaming system 106 canenable the host device 108 to authorize a non-participant device. Forexample, the host device 108 grants full or partial permissions andauthorizations to a device that is not participating in the publiccombined live video stream (e.g., a manager device). In this manner, thenon-participant device can perform some or all of the same functions asthe host device 108 before, during, or after the public combined livevideo stream but without being a video participant of the publiccombined live video stream (e.g., without providing a live video streamto the live video streaming system 106).

Further, as shown, the live stream setup options 1806 include an optionfor digital room access. In one or more implementations, the host device108 can specify which digital rooms to create for the public combinedlive video stream, which participant devices to add to which digitalrooms, conditions for adding participant devices to a digital room,participant triggers for a digital room, whether groups of participantdevices share a digital room or are placed in separate digital rooms,and/or access rights to the digital rooms. Indeed, the live videostreaming system 106 enables the host device 108 (or another authorizeddevice) to specify the conditions and parameters for digital rooms, asdisclosed above.

As mentioned above, the option for digital room access can includeestablishing participant triggers for a digital room. In one or moreimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 applies aparticipant trigger for transiting a participant device from a digitalroom to the public combined live video stream, such as from a digitalpreparation room or digital waiting room. In some implementations, thelive video streaming system 106 applies a participant trigger fortransitioning a participant device from the public combined live videostream to a post-participation waiting room.

Additionally, the live stream setup options 1806 includes an option forcomments. In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106enables the host device 108 to enable or disable comments, locate wherecomments are shown in the public combined live video stream, restrictwho can comment or comment content, prioritize comments from somedevices, and/or enable comments to trigger animations or graphics duringthe public combined live video stream. The options for comments caninclude addition or different options.

Moreover, the live stream setup options 1806 can enable the host device108 to provide a framework and/or agenda for the public combined livevideo stream including which participant devices will join the publiccombined live video stream and how participant devices will transitionin and out of the public combined live video stream (e.g., based onparticipation triggers being satisfied) among other options. Further,the live stream setup options 1806 can include additional live streamsetup options now shown, such as options corresponding to the length ofthe public combined live video stream, a maximum number of participantdevices, a maximum number of viewer devices, or audience restrictions.

As mentioned above, the live stream settings elements 312 can include anactivities element. The host device 108 can select one or moreactivities associated with a public combined live video stream. Toillustrate, FIG. 18B shows the activity element 1810 selected within thehost user interface 1802. As shown, the host user interface 1802 showsthe activity element 1810 along with an activities list 1812 of exampleactivities the live video streaming system 106 can facilitate during apublic combined live video stream.

In various implementations, activities correspond to inviting viewerdevices 112 to participate in the public combined live video streamalong with the host device 108 and/or other participant devices. Indeed,as mentioned above, the live video streaming system 106 can add a targetviewer device to participate in a public combined live video streambased on analyzing activity metrics of the viewer devices 112.Similarly, the live video streaming system 106 can determine aparticipant device to remove or replace based on analyzing activitymetrics of participant devices of a public combined live video stream.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes games. In manyimplementations, games correspond to a set of rules for facilitatinginteractions between participant devices and/or viewer devices. In someinstances, a game is turn-based where participant devices take turnsplaying the game. In other instances, a game can enable multipleparticipant devices to participate at the same time, such as team-basedgames. In various instances, a game allows viewer devices to participate(e.g., by providing answers through comments or other digital inputelements) in the game. Games can include turn-based games, role-playinggames, individual or team challenges, etc.

Based on the type of game selected, the live video streaming system 106can determine one or more activity metrics for determining viewerdevices to participate in the public combined live video stream. Forexample, based on a game involvement metric or an answer metric, thelive video streaming system 106 determines a target viewer device tobecome a participant device in the public combined live video stream.Additionally, the live video streaming system 106 can follow thestructure or rules of a game to determine which participant devices toremove from the public combined live video stream and/or temporarilyplace in a digital room (e.g., until it is their turn again or the gameis over).

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes musical chairs. In variousimplementations, the activity of musical chairs includes swapping viewerdevices in and out regular, random, or semi-random intervals. In theseimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 can analyze apresence activity metric to determine which viewer devices are currentlypresent during the public combined live video stream (e.g., theassociated participation trigger includes actively watching the publiccombined live video stream). For example, the presence activity metricis based on data received from the viewer devices indicating that theviewer device is actively watching and/or contributing to the publiccombined live video stream. In this manner, when selecting a targetviewer device to participate in the public combined live video stream,the target viewer device will be available and ready to join upon beingselected as the target viewer device.

In some implementations, the activity of musical chairs includesremoving target viewer devices based on their performance. For example,the live video streaming system 106 adds various viewer devices asparticipants to the public combined live video stream, then allows themto compete to remain on the public combined live video stream. In someimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 can allow otherviewer devices to compete to replace existing participant devices. Inalternative implementations, the live video streaming system 106 canrandomly pick a target viewer device from among the viewer devices 112and/or utilize another type of activity metric to select a target viewerdevice.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes popcorn. The activity ofpopcorn can include randomly swapping viewer devices in and out of thepublic combined live video stream. For example, the live video streamingsystem 106 selects a target viewer device based on activity metrics ofthe viewer devices 112 at a random time, then adds the target viewerdevice to the public combined live video stream. In some instances, thelive video streaming system 106 prompts the target viewer device toaccept or pass in participating in the public combined live videostream. Similarly, under the popcorn activity, the live video streamingsystem 106 can randomly remove or replace a target viewer device as aparticipant from the public combined live video stream.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes scramble. In one or moreimplementations, the scramble activity can include swapping out multipleparticipant devices at the same time. For example, the live videostreaming system 106 determines multiple target viewer devices from theviewer devices to participate in the public combined live video streambased on activity metrics and adds those target viewer devices to thepublic combined live video stream. In adding the target viewer devices,the live video streaming system 106 can remove other participant devicesfrom the public combined live video stream (e.g., one or more previouslyidentified target viewer devices). The live video streaming system 106can continue to replace target viewer devices participating in thepublic combined live video stream with new sets of target viewerdevices.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes voting. In variousimplementations, the activity of voting can include the host device 108and/or participant devices voting to include a viewer device. In theseimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 analyzes digitalvotes or voting metrics to identify a target viewer device. In variousimplementations, the viewer devices provide digital votes, which enablethe live video streaming system 106 to select a target viewer device toadd to the public combined live video stream. In some implementations,the viewer devices can perform various actions to try to solicit votes.Similar to the voting activity, in some implementations, the activitieslist 1812 can utilize polling to select a target viewer device.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes question and answer (shownas “Q and A”). In one or more implementations, the question and answeractivity can include viewer devices providing questions and/orrequesting to provide questions to the host device 108 and/or otherparticipant devices in the public combined live video stream. Based ondetecting question requests, the live video streaming system 106 candetermine a target viewer device to join the public combined live videostream (e.g., enabling the target viewer device to ask their question).

In some implementations, the question and answer activity can includehost device 108 and/or other participant devices asking questions to theviewer devices, and the live video streaming system 106 selectingvarious viewer devices to participate to provide answers. For example,the live video streaming system 106 analyzes response or answer metricsfrom the viewer devices to determine a target viewer device.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes trivia. In someimplementations, the activity of trivia can include the live videostreaming system 106 providing questions to the viewer devices, and thelive video streaming system 106 analyzing participation metrics todetermine a target viewer device. For example, the winning viewer deviceis selected as a target viewer device. As another example, the livevideo streaming system 106 selects a target viewer device based on theviewer device promptly requesting to respond to a trivia question suchthat the viewer device can provide their answer as a participant of thepublic combined live video stream.

As shown, the activities list 1812 includes other activity templates.Indeed, the live video streaming system 106 can provide additional ordifferent activities for a public combined live video stream. For eachof these activities, the live video streaming system 106 can monitor andanalyze particular activity metrics to determine target viewer devicesto add to the public combined live video stream. Further, based on aselected activity, the live video streaming system 106 can determinewhich devices to remove from the public combined live video stream andwhen to remove these devices (e.g., either make the device a viewerdevice or transition the device to a digital room).

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system 106 can analyzeactivity metrics of viewer devices to determine a target viewer deviceto participate in a public combined live video stream. To furtherillustrate, FIG. 19 shows a block diagram of analyzing activity metricsof viewer devices to identify a target viewer device to participate in apublic combined live video stream in accordance with one or moreimplementations. As shown, FIG. 19 includes the live video streamingsystem 106 on the server device 102, a first viewer device 1912 a, and asecond viewer device 1912 b. As described above in connection with FIG.1, these computing devices can communicate via a network. Further, whileFIG. 19 described analyzing activity metrics of viewer devices, the livevideo streaming system 106 can apply similar approaches to analyzeactivity metrics of participant devices.

As illustrated, the first viewer device 1912 a and the second viewerdevice 1912 b include activity metrics 1914. As shown, the activitymetrics 1914 include an active presence metric 1916, a viewing timemetric 1918, digital votes 1920, digital purchases 1922, digital bids1924, eligibility metrics 1926, social metrics 1928, participationmetrics 1930. In addition, the first viewer device 1912 a and the secondviewer device 1912 b include historic activity metrics 1932. Each of theactivity metrics is further discussed below.

As also illustrated, the live video streaming system 106 includes apublic combined live video stream broadcaster 1902, a target viewerdevice selection model 1904, and a participation trigger manager 1908.In one or more implementations, the public combined live video streambroadcaster 1902 can generate and provide a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices, as previously described. For example, insome implementations, the public combined live video stream broadcaster1902 combines live video streams from participant devices and providesthe public combined live video stream to the first viewer device 1912 aand the second viewer device 1912 b as well as other viewer devices notshown. In addition, the public combined live video stream broadcaster1902 can provide the public combined live video stream to theparticipant devices, as described above.

In one or more implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 determines a target viewer device 1906 from among the viewerdevices watching the public combined live video stream. As mentionedabove, the target viewer device selection model 1904 can analyze theactivity metrics 1914 of the viewer devices to determine the targetviewer device 1906.

In various implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 communicates with the participation trigger manager 1908 todetermine which of the activity metrics 1914 to analyze or prioritizewhen determining the target viewer device 1906. For example, based onthe live video streaming system 106 detecting a selection of aparticular activity for a public combined live video stream (asdescribed above in connection with FIG. 18B), the participation triggermanager 1908 can determine which of the activity metrics 1914 are neededto satisfy the associated participation triggers.

To illustrate, in one or more implementations, the target viewer deviceselection model 1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based onanalyzing the active presence metric 1916. In many implementations, theactive presence metric 1916 corresponds to current activity at a viewerdevice. For example, the active presence metric 1916 at the first viewerdevice 1912 a can indicate if the first viewer device 1912 a hasrecently detected movement or user input. For instance, if the firstviewer device 1916 has detected navigational input within a graphicaluser interface displaying the public combined live video stream or achange in volume, the first viewer device 1912 a can provide thisinformation to the live video streaming system 106 as part of an activepresence metric 1916 indicating whether a user is active at the firstviewer device 1912 a. Similarly, the active presence metric 1916 canindicate other types of information indicating the presence of an activeuser, such as providing reactions or comments in the public combinedlive video stream.

In one or more implementations, the active presence metric 1916 canindicate that a user is present and ready to join a public combined livevideo stream based on implicit or explicit feedback from the firstviewer device 1912 a. For example, the live video streaming system 106prompts the first viewer device 1912 a for permission or acceptance tojoin the public combined live video stream and, in response, the firstviewer device 1912 a provides a positive or negative response encoded asan active presence metric 1916. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 (e.g., at the server device or the first viewerdevice 1912 a) utilizes facial detection software to determine that auser is currently watching the public combined live video stream.

Upon receiving the active presence metrics from multiple viewer devices,the target viewer device selection model 1904 can analyze and comparethe active presence metrics. For example, the target viewer deviceselection model 1904 generates a score or probability that a user iswatching the public combined live video stream for each viewer device.Using the scores or probabilities, the target viewer device selectionmodel 1904 identifies and/or selects one or more target viewer devices.For example, the target viewer device selection model 1904 selects atarget viewer device from among a group of viewer devices that has ascore above a threshold level. As another example, the target viewerdevice selection model 1904 selects the viewer device with the highestscore as the target viewer device 1906.

In one or more implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzing theviewing time metric 1918 (e.g., when the viewing time metric 1918satisfies a viewing length participation trigger or an interest leveltrigger). In general, the viewing time metric 1918 can correspond to thelength of time a viewer device has watched live video streams thatinclude the host device as a participant. For example, in someinstances, the viewing time metric 1918 corresponds to the length oftime a viewer device has been watching the current public combined livevideo stream. In other instances, the viewing time metric 1918corresponds to a cumulative length of time a viewer device has watchedlive video streams that include the host device (e.g., within the lastweek, month, year).

The target viewer device selection model 1904 can analyze the viewingtime metrics across the viewer devices to identify the target viewerdevice 1906. For example, the target viewer device selection model 1904selects the second viewer device 1912 b as the target viewer device 1906when the viewing time metric 1918 of the second viewer device 1912 b islarger than the viewing time metric 1918 of the first viewer device 1912a. As another example, the target viewer device selection model 1904filters out viewer devices that do not satisfy a minimum viewing timethreshold before selecting a target viewer device (e.g., viewer devicesthat have watched less than 20% or 5 minutes of the public combined livevideo stream are not eligible to be selected as the target viewer device1906).

In various implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzing thedigital votes 1920. For example, if the target viewer device selectionmodel 1904 detects an activity that includes voting (e.g., games,musical chairs, polls, voting, questions and answers), the target viewerdevice selection model 1904 can receive digital votes from the viewerdevices 112 and/or participant devices. In some implementations, thetarget viewer device selection model 1904 can compare the digital votesto determine whether to remove one or more viewer devices as candidatesfor a target viewer device. In various implementations, the targetviewer device selection model 1904 can compare the digital votes toidentify the viewer device with the highest number of votes as thetarget viewer device 1906.

In one or more implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzingdigital purchases 1922. Digital purchases 1922 can include, but are notlimited to, virtual tickets, support badges, donations, tips, and gifts.For example, in some implementations, a virtual ticket can includepurchasing access to participate in a public combined live video stream.Indeed, for a public combined live video stream that features acelebrity or another notable person, the live video streaming system 106can offer virtual tickets to participate in the public combined livevideo stream along with the celebrity. In various implementations, avirtual ticket provides viewing access to a digital room, such as theafter broadcast room after a public combined live video stream hasconcluded. The live video streaming system 106 can offer different tiersof virtual tickets that grant different levels of access to the hostdevice and/or the participant devices.

As mentioned above, a digital purchase can include support badges. Inone or more implementations, a support badge corresponds to displaying agraphic, animation, or text in connection with a viewer device that isviewable by the participant devices and the other viewer devices. Forexample, a digital badge can correspond to a one-time or reoccurringindicator attached to the identifier of a viewer device. As anotherexample, a digital badge can allow a viewer device to leave commentsthat appear distinct to ordinary comments or provide reactions notavailable to non-supporters.

As also mentioned above, a digital purchase can include donations ortips. For example, viewer devices can provide donations to a host deviceduring the public combined live video stream and/or leave tips in theform of virtual currency. Additionally, a viewer device can purchase adigital purchase for another user as a gift. For example, the firstviewer device 1912 a purchases a virtual ticket as a gift for the secondviewer device 1912 b that enables the second viewer device 1912 b toparticipate in the public combined live video stream.

In various implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 can identify a target viewer device based on the digital purchases1922. For example, the target viewer device selection model 1904 selectsa viewer device as the target viewer device 1906 based on detecting adonation, a tip, a purchased digital ticket, and/or a support badgeassociated with the viewer device. In some implementations, the targetviewer device selection model 1904 provides additional weight to viewerdevices 112 that are associated with digital purchases 1922.

In some implementations, the target viewer device selection model 1904can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzing thedigital bids 1924. As mentioned above, a host device (or anotherparticipant device including a non-participant device) can include adigital auction within a public combined live video stream. For example,the public combined live video stream includes a digital auction whereviewer devices 112 bid against each other to become a participant in thepublic combined live video stream. In some implementations, the viewerdevices provide digital bids. In response, the target viewer deviceselection model 1904 analyzes and compares the digital bids to identifythe target viewer device 1906. In some implementations, when multipleslots to participate in the public combined live video stream areavailable, the target viewer device selection model 1904 can accept thehighest n number of bids, where n corresponds to the number of availableslots.

In some implementations, the target viewer device selection model 1904can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzing theeligibility metrics 1926. As mentioned above, the live video streamingsystem 106 can enable a host device to establish eligibilityrequirements for participating in the public combined live video stream(e.g., a verified account, minimum device streaming quality, grantedauthorization to utilizing their live video stream, etc.). Accordingly,the target viewer device selection model 1904 can select the targetviewer device 1906 from among viewer devices that satisfy theeligibility requirements.

Additionally, in some implementations, the target viewer deviceselection model 1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based onanalyzing the social metrics 1928. For example, the target viewer deviceselection model 1904 determines a social affinity between the hostdevice and each of the viewer devices. For instance, the target viewerdevice selection model 1904 selects the target viewer device 1906 fromamong a subset (e.g., less than all) of the viewer devices that arewithin a number of social hops to the host device.

As another example, the target viewer device selection model 1904 cananalyze the social connectedness of each viewer device. The activitymetric of social connectedness can include the number of connections,the number of posts, the number of shares, the number of mentions,and/or the influence level of a viewer device. In some implementations,the target viewer device selection model 1904 may identify a viewerdevice as the target viewer device 1906 based on the viewer devicesatisfying a threshold social influential level.

In one or more implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzing theparticipation metrics 1930. A participation metric can include a rangeof participation activities detected at a viewer device. Indeed, theparticipation metrics 1930 can be categorized into more granular levelsof participation, such as participation metrics corresponding towatching the public combined live video stream, posting reaction,commenting, participating in a game or poll, asking or answeringquestions, voting, etc.

In various implementations, the target viewer device selection model1904 utilizes the participation metrics 1930 to identify a target viewerdevice. For example, based on the host device selecting a particularactivity, the target viewer device selection model 1904 identifies oneor more corresponding participation metrics 1930 to monitor and analyze.For instance, the target viewer device selection model 1904 compares aparticular set of participation metrics 1930 across the viewer devicesto select a target viewer device that best satisfies the participationtriggers associated with the selected activity.

In some implementations, the target viewer device selection model 1904can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on analyzing thehistoric activity metrics 1932. Examples of historic activity metrics1932 include, but are not limited to previous viewing time metrics,previous participation metrics, and previous digital purchases. Indeed,the target viewer device selection model 1904 can determine the targetviewer device 1906 based, in part, on previous activity metrics observedfrom a viewer device. In this manner, a viewer device that continues toview the public combined live video stream and/or interact with the hostdevice can increase their likelihood of being identified as the targetviewer device 1906.

Moreover, in various implementations, the target viewer device selectionmodel 1904 can identify the target viewer device 1906 based on acombination of activity metrics 1914 and/or participation triggers. Forexample, the participation trigger manager 1908 indicates a number ofparticipation triggers to be satisfied by a viewer device before it canbe selected as the target viewer device 1906. In response, the targetviewer device selection model 1904 identifies that the viewing timemetric 1918 of the first viewer device 1912 a satisfies a lengthparticipation trigger, that the active presence metric 1916 of the firstviewer device 1912 a satisfies an actively watching participationtrigger, and that the participation metric (e.g., a response metric) ofthe first viewer device 1912 a satisfies a response participationtrigger. Accordingly, based on determining that the activity metrics ofthe first viewer device 1912 a satisfy each of the participationtriggers, the target viewer device selection model 1904 selects thefirst viewer device 1912 a as the target viewer device 1906.

In some implementations, the target viewer device selection model 1904selects the target viewer device 1906 based on user input. For example,the host device or another participant device identifies a viewer deviceas the target viewer device 1906 (e.g., they select the target viewerdevice 1906 based on a subjective standard such as most crazy outfit).In some implementations, the target viewer device selection model 1904provides the host device with a presence list (e.g., a list of activityviewing or contributing viewer devices) and allows the host device toselect the target viewer device from the presence list. In manyimplementations, the presence list can match or be similar to the orderor ranked viewer devices described above.

In addition to FIGS. 1-13C and FIGS. 16-19, the corresponding text, andthe examples provide several different systems, methods, techniques,components, and/or devices of the live video streaming system 106 inaccordance with one or more implementations. In addition to thedescription herein, one or more implementations can also be described interms of flowcharts including acts for accomplishing a particularresult. For example, FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of examplesequences of acts 2000 in accordance with various implementations. Inaddition, FIG. 20 may be performed with more or fewer acts. Further, theacts may be performed in differing orders. Additionally, the actsdescribed herein may be repeated or performed in parallel with oneanother or parallel with different instances of the same or similaracts.

While FIG. 20 illustrates a series of acts 2000 according to particularimplementations, alternative implementations may omit, add to, reorder,and/or modify any of the acts shown. The series of acts 2000 can beperformed as part of a method. Alternatively, a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium can comprise instructions, when executed by oneor more processors, cause a computing device (e.g., a server deviceand/or a client device) to perform the series of acts 2000. In stillfurther implementations, a system performs the series of acts 2000.

To illustrate, FIG. 20 shows a flowchart of a series of acts 2000 ofidentifying target viewer devices to participate in combined live videostreams (e.g., public combined live video streams) in accordance withone or more implementations. As shown, the series of acts 2000 includesan act 2010 of combining live video streams received from participantdevices into a combined live video stream. For example, the act 2010 caninclude combining a plurality of live video streams received from aplurality of participant devices into a combined live video stream(e.g., a public combined live video stream). In various implementations,the act 2010 is performed at a server device that receives the livevideo streams from the participant devices.

As shown, the series of acts 2000 includes an act 2020 of broadcastingthe combined live video stream to viewer devices. For example, the act2020 can include broadcasting, by the server device, the combined livevideo stream (e.g., a public combined live video stream) to a pluralityof viewer devices. In one or more implementations, the act 2020 includesproviding a user interface including broadcast participation elementsindicating participation triggers to a first device of the plurality ofparticipating devices prior to broadcasting the combined live videostream and receiving, from the first device, selection of one or moreparticipation triggers for adding participant devices to the combinedlive video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 2000 includes an act 2030 of identifyingactivity metrics associated with the viewer devices. For example, theact 2030 can include identifying one or more activity metrics associatedwith the plurality of viewer devices. In one or more implementations,the act 2030 includes receiving the one or more activity metrics at theserver device. In some implementations, the activity metrics are basedon one or more participation triggers associated with the combined livevideo stream.

As shown, the series of acts 2000 includes an act 2040 of identifying atarget viewer device to participate in the combined live video stream.For example, the act 2040 can include identifying a target viewer deviceof the plurality of viewer devices to participate in the combined livevideo stream based on analyzing the one or more activity metrics. Inexample implementations, the act 2040 includes identifying the targetviewer device to participate in the combined live video stream inaccordance with the participation trigger based on identifying anactivity metric from the target viewer device that satisfies aparticipation trigger of the one or more participation triggers.

In one or more implementations, the act 2040 includes receiving digitalvotes from the plurality of viewer devices selecting one or more viewerdevices to participate in the combined live video stream and comparingthe digital votes to identify the target viewer device to participate inthe combined live video stream. In some implementations, the act 2040includes receiving a plurality of digital bids from the plurality ofviewer devices and comparing the plurality of digital bids from theplurality of viewer devices to identify the target viewer device toparticipate in the combined live video stream. In variousimplementations, the act 2040 includes analyzing an active presencemetric from the target viewer device to determine that the target viewerdevice is actively viewing the combined live video stream andidentifying the target viewer device utilizing the active presencemetric.

In some implementations, the act 2040 includes identifying a digitalpurchase corresponding to the target viewer device and selecting thetarget viewer device to participate in the combined live video streambased on the digital purchase. In one or more implementations, the act2040 includes determining viewing time metrics of the plurality ofviewer devices and comparing the viewing time metrics of the pluralityof viewer devices to identify the target viewer device to participate inthe combined live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 2000 includes an act 2050 of adding thetarget viewer device to the combined live video stream (e.g., a publiccombined live video stream). For example, the act 2050 can includeadding a live video stream received from the target viewer device to thecombined live video stream being broadcasted to the plurality of viewerdevices at the server device.

In one or more implementations, the act 2050 includes acts of comparingtimestamps of the live video streams; generating a synchronizedcombination of the live video streams of the target viewer device andthe plurality of live video streams from the plurality of participantdevices based on comparing the timestamps; determining a visualarrangement of the live video stream of the target viewer device and oneor more live video streams of the plurality of live video streams fromthe plurality of participant devices; generating the combined live videostream by aligning the synchronized combination of the live videostreams of the target viewer device and the plurality of live videostreams from the plurality of participant devices according to thevisual arrangement; and broadcasting the combined live video stream tothe plurality of viewer devices displayed according to the visualarrangement.

In various implementations, the act 2050 also includes switchingparticipant devices within the combined live video stream at the serverdevice. For example, the act 2050 includes switching participant devicesby removing the live video stream of the target viewer device from thecombined live video stream and adding a live video stream of anadditional target viewer device to the combined live video stream inaccordance with at least one participation trigger of the one or moreparticipation triggers.

The series of acts 2000 can include various additional acts. Forexample, in one or more implementations, the series of acts 2000 alsoincludes acts of identifying an additional target viewer device based onuser input received from a first device associated with the plurality ofparticipant devices and adding a live video stream of the additionaltarget viewer device to the combined live video stream based on thereceived user input provided from the first device. In someimplementations, the series of acts 2000 also includes an act ofremoving, at the server device, the live video stream from the targetviewer device from the combined live video stream being broadcasted tothe plurality of viewer devices.

As mentioned previously, it is possible for a public combined live videostream to be disrupted or disconnected. FIG. 21 illustrates a sequencediagram of a series of acts 2100 of resuming a disconnected publiccombined live video stream in accordance with one or moreimplementations. The series of acts 2100 includes the live videostreaming system 106 communicating with the participant devices 110(which can include a host device) and the viewer devices 112. Further,while the series of acts 2100 is described with reference to a hostdevice, another participant device and/or a non-participant device mayperform similar functions.

As additional context, if a host device 108 loses their connection tothe public combined live video stream, the public combined live videostream is prematurely ended. Indeed, the viewer devices 112 are cut offfrom the public combined live video stream as if the host device hasended the stream. However, as described in connection with the series ofacts 2100 in FIG. 21, the live video streaming system 106 providesvarious solutions that prevent abruptly ending a public combined livevideo stream if the host device is disconnected.

To illustrate, the series of acts 2100 includes an act 2102 of the livevideo streaming system 106 broadcasting a public combined live videostream to the viewer devices 112. Broadcasting a public combined livevideo stream to the viewer devices 112 as described previously. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 provides a single livevideo stream that combines live video streams of the pending participantdevice 110, as arranged at the server device 102.

In addition, the series of acts 2100 includes an act 2104 of the livevideo streaming system 106 detecting a connection loss with the hostdevice. For example, in one or more implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 determines that the host device has stoppedproviding a live video stream to the live video streaming system 106without receiving a request from the host device to end the publiccombined live video stream (e.g., the live video streaming system 106did not detect a selection of an end broadcast element at the hostdevice, as described above). As another example, the live videostreaming system 106 determines that the proper communication protocolswere not followed for ending the public combined live video stream.

In some implementations, before the live video streaming system 106determines that the host device 108 has disconnected from the publiccombined live video stream, the live video streaming system 106 waitsfor a predetermined amount of time to account for connection latency ordropped data packets. In additional implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 can send a data packet to the host device 108.Based on the response, the live video streaming system 106 can determinewhether the host device 108 is still connected to the live videostreaming system 106.

As shown, the series of acts 2100 includes an act 2106 of the live videostreaming system 106 receiving a request from the host device to start alive video stream. For example, the host device, via a networking systemapplication associated with the live video streaming system 106, againrequests to start a live video stream or a public combined live videostream with other participant devices. Indeed, if the host devicecrashed, the host device would repeat the process of starting a new livevideo stream. Accordingly, the live video streaming system 106 woulddetect these actions at the host device, as shown by the act 2106.

In addition, the series of acts 2100 includes an act 2108 of the livevideo streaming system 106 determining that the request meets astreaming continuity threshold. For example, in one or moreimplementations, the live video streaming system 106 determines that thestreaming continuity threshold is satisfied based on the request tostart a new live video stream being within a time threshold of beingdisconnected (e.g., 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.).

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 utilizessession information and/or client device information from the hostdevice to determine that the request meets a streaming continuitythreshold. For example, the live video streaming system 106 matches therequest from the host device to the last request made by the same hostdevice to determine that the new request corresponds to the disconnectedpublic combined live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 2100 includes an act 2110 of the live videostreaming system 106 prompting the host device to resume the previouspublic combined live video stream. For example, upon determining thatthe new request meets the streaming continuity thresholds, the livevideo streaming system 106 causes the host device to show a promptwhether to resume the previous public combined live video stream orstart a new public combined live video stream. For instance, the hostdevice displays a message within a host user interface that reads, “Itappears that your live stream was disconnected” and “Would you like toresume your live steam?”

As further shown, the series of acts 2100 includes an act 2112 of thelive video streaming system 106 receiving confirmation from the hostdevice to resume the previous public combined live video stream. Forexample, the live video streaming system 106 detects the host deviceselecting the option to resume the previous public combined live videostream. In alternative implementations, the live video streaming system106 determines that the host devices declines the option to resume thepublic combined live video stream.

As shown, the series of acts 2100 includes the act 2114 of the livevideo streaming system 106 continuing to broadcast the public combinedlive video stream to the viewer devices 112. For example, based ondetecting the request from the host device to resume the disconnectedpublic combined live video stream, the live video streaming system 106can resume the broadcast by generating the public combined live videostream from the host device and the participant devices and provide itto the viewer devices 112.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106 can performthe act 2114 without the viewer devices 112 recognizing anyinterruption. For example, if the live video streaming system 106provides a buffered version to the viewer devices 112, the live videostreaming system 106 may be able to resume the public combined livevideo stream before the buffered content runs out or disappears.

To illustrate, in some instances, the live video stream provides abuffered version of the public combined live video stream that isdelayed by 15-20 seconds. Here if the host device is able to request anew live video stream within 10 seconds and the live video streamingsystem 106 is able to quickly determine that the request satisfies thestreaming continuity threshold as described above, the live videostreaming system 106 may be able to provide the resumed public combinedlive video stream to the video buffer before the buffered content runsout. In further implementations, the live video streaming system 106then begins to slowly build up the video buffer back to 15-20 seconds byslightly slowing down the public combined live video stream or addingunnoticeable pauses over the next few seconds or minutes.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 can holdon to the viewer devices 112 for a short duration of time afterdetecting the host device abruptly disconnecting from the publiccombined live video stream. For example, the live video streaming system106 plays an animation or otherwise indicates that the host appears tobe temporarily disconnected. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 temporarily removes the live video stream from thehost device and shows the live video stream of another participantdevice (and/or passes control to the other participant device until thehost device returns). In various implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 is able to reconnect the host before the viewerdevices 112 are able to notice the host device missing, as describedabove.

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system 106 determineswhether a request for a new live video stream meets one or morestreaming continuity thresholds. In some implementations, the live videostreaming system 106 can utilize different streaming continuitythresholds based on an amount of time that passes between detecting thedisconnection and the request to start a new public combined live videostream. For example, if the new request is within the time thresholdmentioned above (e.g., roughly equal to the amount of stored up contentin a video buffer), the live video streaming system 106 can continue thepublic combined live video stream broadcast (e.g., the act 2114) withoutinterruption.

On the other hand, if the new request is beyond the time thresholdmentioned, the live video streaming system 106 can utilize anotherstreaming continuity threshold to confirm the connection between theinterrupted public combined live video stream and the newly requestedlive video stream, as described above. Further, the live video streamingsystem 106 can generate a new public combined live video stream thatresumes (e.g., utilizes the same settings and continues from the lastknown timestamp) where the disconnected public combined live videostream ended.

In implementations where the live video streaming system 106 does nottemporarily hold the viewer devices 112, the live video streaming system106 can first dismiss the viewer devices 112, but track their identities(e.g., in a log or table recording data associated with the publiccombined live video stream). Then, the live video streaming system 106can provide notifications to the viewer devices 112 when the host deviceresumes the public combined live video stream. For example, the livevideo streaming system 106 sends electronic messages (e.g., texts,emails, push notifications, etc.) to the viewer devices 112 indicatingthat the public combined live video stream has resumed. The live videostreaming system 106 can carry over the settings and preferences of thehost device, participant devices 110, and the viewer devices 112 acrossthe two linked public combined live video streams.

In some implementations, the live video streaming system 106automatically resumes the public combined live video stream withoutrequiring that the host device confirm the prompting to resume. Indeed,just as the live video streaming system 106 can automatically detectwhen a host device is disconnected, the live video streaming system 106can detect the host device trying to reconnect (e.g., based on the hostdevice reestablishing a connection with the live video streaming system106) and automatically resume the public combined live video stream.

In various implementations, the live video streaming system 106 savedthe public combined live video stream to be played back at a later time.In these implementations, when a public combined live video stream isdisrupted and resumes, the live video streaming system 106 can stitchthe two public combined live video streams together as a single publiccombined live video stream when later played back.

Turning now to FIG. 22, additional detail is provided regarding thecomponents and capabilities of the live video streaming system 106 inaccordance with one or more implementations. As shown, the live videostreaming system 106 is implemented by a computing device 2200. In someimplementations, the computing device 2200 is an example of the serverdevice 102. In other implementations, the computing device 2200represents multiple computing devices that can implement the live videostreaming system 106, such as the server device 102, a host device, aparticipant device, and/or a viewer device.

As shown in relation to FIG. 22, the computing device 2200 includes thenetworking system 104 having the live video streaming system 106, bothof which are introduced above in connection with FIG. 1. As also shown,the live video streaming system 106 includes a live video stream manager2202 having combined live video streams 2204, a digital room manager2206 having digital rooms 2208, the live video stream broadcaster 1902,an activity metrics manager 2210 having the target viewer deviceselection model 1904 and the participation trigger manager 1908, a userinterface manager 2212, and a storage manager 2214. The storage manager2214 can include participation triggers 2216 and activity metrics 2218.Additional detail regarding each of these components is provided inturn.

As shown, the live video streaming system 106 includes the live videostream manager 2202. The live video stream manager 2202 can identify,generate, monitor, modify, and/or manage combined live video streams2204 (including non-public combined live video stream as well as publiccombined live video streams). For example, the live video stream manager2202 can receive live video streams from multiple participant devicesand generate a combined live video stream 2204, as described above.Indeed, the live video stream manager 2202 can synchronize live videostreams and arrange then into one or more dynamic arrangements, asdisclosed previously.

As shown, the live video streaming system 106 includes the digital roommanager 2206. The digital room manager 2206 can identify, generate,monitor, modify, and/or manage digital rooms 2208. As described above,digital rooms 2208 can include a digital preparation room, a digitalwaiting room, a digital post-participation room, and an after broadcastroom. In various implementations, the digital room manager 2206 sets upthe digital rooms 2208 and facilitates transitioning participant devicesin and out of the digital rooms. Further, in some implementations, thedigital room manager 2206 communicates with the user interface manager2212 to provide room-specific interfaces to participant devices within aroom and/or participant devices (e.g., the host device) in the combinedlive video stream, as described above.

As shown, the live video streaming system 106 includes the live videostream broadcaster 1902. The live video stream broadcaster 1902 canfacilitate, share, and/or distribute combined live video stream toparticipant devices and/or viewer devices 112. For example, in someimplementations, the live video stream broadcaster 1902 communicateswith the live video stream manager 2202 to provide the combined livevideo streams 2204 (e.g., public combined live video streams) to viewerdevices organized in a first arrangement via a first protocol as well asprovide the combined live video streams 2204 to participant devicesorganized in a second arrangement via a second faster protocol, asdescribed above.

As shown, the live video streaming system 106 includes the activitymetrics manager 2210. In general, the activity metrics manager 2210 canreceive, monitor, analyze, detect, track, examine, identify, generate,modify, and/or otherwise manage activity metrics 2218. For example, theactivity metrics manager 2210 receives activity metrics 2218 from viewerdevices watching a combined live video stream (e.g., public combinedlive video streams). As described above, the activity metrics manager2210 can analyze one or more activity metrics 2218 received from viewerdevices to determine a target viewer device to participate in thecombined live video stream.

More particularly, the activity metrics manager 2210 includes the targetviewer device selection model 1904 and the participation trigger manager1908, which are described above in connection with FIG. 19. For example,the target viewer device selection model 1904 determines a target viewerdevice by analyzing activity metrics 2218 that satisfy participationtriggers 2216 associated with a combined live video stream. Further, asdescribed above, the participation trigger manager 1908 can provide thetarget viewer device selection model 1904 with one or more participationtriggers 2216 associated with a combined live video stream thatcorresponds to the framework of the combined live video stream, asdisclosed earlier.

As shown, the live video stream includes the user interface manager2212. In various implementations, the user interface manager 2212 cangenerate, create, update, change, replace, delete, remove, refresh,render, reveal, display, present, and/or provide user interfacesassociated with the live video streaming system 106 and/or networkingsystem 104 to client devices (e.g., a host device, a participant device,or a viewer device). In general, a networking system application on aclient device implements user interfaces provided by the user interfacemanager 2212 by generating and providing user interfaces. Examples ofuser interfaces include a digital preparation room interface, an updatedlive broadcast interface, a digital waiting room user interface, digitalpost-participation room interface, an after broadcast room userinterface, a host user interface, a participant device user interface, aviewer device user interface, and other interfaces associated with thelive video streaming system 106/networking system 104.

As shown, the live video stream includes the storage manager 2214. Thestorage manager 2214 maintains data for the live video streaming system106 at the computing device 2200 and/or client devices. The storagemanager 2214 can maintain data of any type, size, or kind, as necessaryto perform the functions of the live video streaming system 106. Forexample, as shown, the storage manager 2214 maintains data includingparticipation triggers 2216 and activity metrics 2218. In someimplementations, the storage manager 2214 also includes recordings oflive video streams.

The components of the live video stream shown in FIG. 19 can includesoftware, hardware, or both. For example, the components include one ormore instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium andexecutable by processors of one or more computing devices, such as aclient device or server device. When executed by one or more processors,the computer-executable instructions of the server device 102, the hostdevice 108, participant devices 110, or viewer devices 112 can cause thecomputing device(s) to perform the feature learning methods describedherein. Alternatively, the components can include hardware, such as aspecial-purpose processing device to perform a certain function or groupof functions. Alternatively, the components can include a combination ofcomputer-executable instructions and hardware.

Furthermore, the components of the live video stream shown in FIG. 19are, for example, implemented as one or more operating systems, as oneor more stand-alone applications, as one or more modules of anapplication, as one or more plug-ins, as one or more library functionsor functions called by other applications, and/or as a cloud computingmodel. Thus, the components can be implemented as a stand-aloneapplication, such as a desktop or mobile application. Furthermore, thecomponents can be implemented as one or more web-based applicationshosted on a remote server. The components can also be implemented in asuite of mobile device applications or “apps.”

Implementations of the present disclosure may comprise or utilize aspecial purpose or general-purpose computer including computer hardware,such as, for example, one or more processors and system memory, asdiscussed in greater detail below. Implementations within the scope ofthe present disclosure also include physical and other computer-readablemedia for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and/ordata structures. In particular, one or more of the processes describedherein may be implemented at least in part as instructions embodied in anon-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or morecomputing devices (e.g., any of the media content access devicesdescribed herein). In general, a processor (e.g., a microprocessor)receives instructions, from a non-transitory computer-readable medium,(e.g., a memory, etc.), and executes those instructions, therebyperforming one or more processes, including one or more of the processesdescribed herein.

Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessedby a general purpose or special purpose computer system.Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions arenon-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices).Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions aretransmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation,implementations of the disclosure can comprise at least two distinctlydifferent kinds of computer-readable media: non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media (devices) and transmission media.

Non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) includes RAM,ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, solid state drives (“SSDs”) (e.g., based on RAM),Flash memory, phase-change memory (“PCM”), other types of memory, otheroptical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storagedevices, or any other medium which can be used to store desired programcode means in the form of computer-executable instructions or datastructures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or specialpurpose computer.

A “network” is defined as one or more data links that enable thetransport of electronic data between computer systems and/or modulesand/or other electronic devices. When information is transferred orprovided over a network or another communications connection (eitherhardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to acomputer, the computer properly views the connection as a transmissionmedium. Transmissions media can include a network and/or data linkswhich can be used to carry desired program code means in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions or data structures and which can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. Combinationsof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program codemeans in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structurescan be transferred automatically from transmission media tonon-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices) (or viceversa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structuresreceived over a network or data link can be buffered in RAM within anetwork interface module (e.g., a “NIC”), and then eventuallytransferred to computer system RAM and/or to less volatile computerstorage media (devices) at a computer system. Thus, it should beunderstood that non-transitory computer-readable storage media (devices)can be included in computer system components that also (or evenprimarily) utilize transmission media.

Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions anddata which, when executed at a processor, cause a general-purposecomputer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing deviceto perform a certain function or group of functions. In someimplementations, computer-executable instructions are executed on ageneral-purpose computer to turn the general-purpose computer into aspecial purpose computer implementing elements of the disclosure. Thecomputer-executable instructions may be, for example, binaries,intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, or evensource code. Although the subject matter has been described in languagespecific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to beunderstood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is notnecessarily limited to the described features or acts described above.Rather, the described features and acts are disclosed as example formsof implementing the claims.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosure may bepracticed in network computing environments with many types of computersystem configurations, including, personal computers, desktop computers,laptop computers, message processors, hand-held devices, multi-processorsystems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics,network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones,PDAs, tablets, pagers, routers, switches, and the like. The disclosuremay also be practiced in distributed system environments where local andremote computer systems, which are linked (either by hardwired datalinks, wireless data links, or by a combination of hardwired andwireless data links) through a network, both perform tasks. In adistributed system environment, program modules may be located in bothlocal and remote memory storage devices.

Implementations of the present disclosure can also be implemented incloud computing environments. In this description, “cloud computing” isdefined as a model for enabling on-demand network access to a sharedpool of configurable computing resources. For example, cloud computingcan be employed in the marketplace to offer ubiquitous and convenienton-demand access to the shared pool of configurable computing resources.The shared pool of configurable computing resources can be rapidlyprovisioned via virtualization and released with low management effortor service provider interaction, and then scaled accordingly.

A cloud-computing model can be composed of various characteristics suchas, for example, on-demand self-service, broad network access, resourcepooling, rapid elasticity, measured service, and so forth. Acloud-computing model can also expose various service models, such as,for example, Software as a Service (“SaaS”), Platform as a Service(“PaaS”), and Infrastructure as a Service (“IaaS”). A cloud-computingmodel can also be deployed using different deployment models such asprivate cloud, community cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and soforth. In this description and in the claims, a “cloud-computingenvironment” is an environment in which cloud computing is employed.

FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram of an example computing device 2300that may be configured to perform one or more of the processes describedabove. One will appreciate that one or more computing devices such asthe computing device 2300 may implement the live video streaming system106. As shown by FIG. 23, the computing device 2300 can comprise aprocessor 2302, a memory 2304, a storage device 2306, an I/O interface2308, and a communication interface 2310, which may be communicativelycoupled by way of a communication infrastructure 2312. While an examplecomputing device 2300 is shown in FIG. 23, the components illustrated inFIG. 23 are not intended to be limiting. Additional or alternativecomponents may be used in other implementations. Furthermore, in certainimplementations, the computing device 2300 can include fewer componentsthan those shown in FIG. 23. Components of the computing device 2300shown in FIG. 23 will now be described in additional detail.

In one or more implementations, the processor 2302 includes hardware forexecuting instructions, such as those making up a computer program. Forexample, to execute instructions, the processor 2302 may retrieve (orfetch) the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache,the memory 2304, or the storage device 2306 and decode and execute them.In one or more implementations, the processor 2302 may include one ormore internal caches for data, instructions, or addresses. For example,the processor 2302 may include one or more instruction caches, one ormore data caches, and one or more translation lookaside buffers (TLBs).Instructions in the instruction caches may be copies of instructions inthe memory 2304 or the storage device 2306.

The memory 2304 may be used for storing data, metadata, and programs forexecution by the processor(s). The memory 2304 may include one or moreof volatile and non-volatile memories, such as Random-Access Memory(“RAM”), Read Only Memory (“ROM”), a solid-state disk (“SSD”), Flash,Phase Change Memory (“PCM”), or other types of data storage. The memory2304 may be internal or distributed memory.

The storage device 2306 includes storage for storing data orinstructions. For example, storage device 2306 can comprise anon-transitory storage medium described above. The storage device 2306may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, flash memory,an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, magnetic tape, or a UniversalSerial Bus (USB) drive or a combination of two or more of these. Thestorage device 2306 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed)media, where appropriate. The storage device 2306 may be internal orexternal to the computing device 2300. In one or more implementations,the storage device 2306 is non-volatile, solid-state memory. In otherimplementations, the storage device 2306 includes read-only memory(ROM). Where appropriate, this ROM may be mask programmed ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasablePROM (EEPROM), electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory or acombination of two or more of these.

The I/O interface 2308 allows a user to provide input to, receive outputfrom, and otherwise transfer data to and receive data from computingdevice 2300. The I/O interface 2308 may include a mouse, a keypad or akeyboard, a touch screen, a camera, an optical scanner, networkinterface, modem, another known I/O devices or a combination of such I/Ointerfaces. The I/O interface 2308 may include one or more devices forpresenting output to a user, including, but not limited to, a graphicsengine, a display (e.g., a display screen), one or more output drivers(e.g., display drivers), one or more audio speakers, and one or moreaudio drivers. In certain implementations, the I/O interface 2308 isconfigured to provide graphical data to a display for presentation to auser. The graphical data may be representative of one or more graphicaluser interfaces and/or any other graphical content as may serve aparticular implementation.

The communication interface 2310 can include hardware, software, orboth. In any event, the communication interface 2310 can provide one ormore interfaces for communication (e.g., packet-based communication)between the computing device 2300 and one or more other computingdevices or networks. For example, the communication interface 2310 mayinclude a network interface controller (NIC) or network adapter forcommunicating with an Ethernet or other wire-based network or a wirelessNIC (WNIC) or wireless adapter for communicating with a wirelessnetwork, such as a WI-FI.

Additionally, or alternatively, the communication interface 2310 mayfacilitate communications with an ad hoc network, a personal areanetwork (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), ametropolitan area network (MAN), or one or more portions of the Internetor a combination of two or more of these. One or more portions of one ormore of these networks may be wired or wireless. As an example, thecommunication interface 2310 may facilitate communications with awireless PAN (WPAN) (e.g., a BLUETOOTH WPAN), a WI-FI network, a WI-MAXnetwork, a cellular telephone network (e.g., a Global System for MobileCommunications (GSM) network), or other suitable wireless network or acombination thereof.

Additionally, the communication interface 2310 may facilitatecommunications across various communication protocols. Examples ofcommunication protocols that may be used include, but are not limitedto, data transmission media, communications devices, TransmissionControl Protocol (“TCP”), Internet Protocol (“IP”), File TransferProtocol (“FTP”), Telnet, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (“HTTP”),Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (“HTTPS”), Session InitiationProtocol (“SIP”), Simple Object Access Protocol (“SOAP”), ExtensibleMark-up Language (“XML”) and variations thereof, Simple Mail TransferProtocol (“SMTP”), Real-Time Transport Protocol (“RTP”), User DatagramProtocol (“UDP”), Global System for Mobile Communications (“GSM”)technologies, Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”) technologies, TimeDivision Multiple Access (“TDMA”) technologies, Short Message Service(“SMS”), Multimedia Message Service (“MMS”), radio frequency (“RF”)signaling technologies, Long Term Evolution (“LTE”) technologies,wireless communication technologies, in-band and out-of-band signalingtechnologies, and other suitable communications networks andtechnologies.

The communication infrastructure 2312 may include hardware, software, orboth that connects components of the computing device 2300 to eachother. For example, the communication infrastructure 2312 may include anAccelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an EnhancedIndustry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a front-side bus (FSB), aHYPERTRANSPORT (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture(ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, a low-pin-count (LPC) bus, amemory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a PeripheralComponent Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCIe) bus, a serialadvanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics StandardsAssociation local (VLB) bus, or another suitable bus or a combinationthereof.

As mentioned above, the live video streaming system 106 can operatewithin a networking system 104, which may be a social networking systemin various implementations. In addition to the description given above,a social networking system may enable its users (such as persons ororganizations) to interact with the system and with each other. Thesocial networking system may, with input from a user, create and storein the social networking system a user profile associated with the user.The user profile may include demographic information,communication-channel information, and information on personal interestsof the user. The social networking system may also, with input from auser, create and store a record of relationships of the user with otherusers of the social networking system, as well as provide services (e.g.wall posts, photo-sharing, online calendars and event organization,messaging, games, or advertisements) to facilitate social interactionbetween or among users.

Also, the social networking system may allow users to post photographsand other multimedia content items to a user's profile page (typicallyknown as “wall posts” or “timeline posts”) or in a photo album, both ofwhich may be accessible to other users of the social networking systemdepending upon the user's configured privacy settings.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example network environment 2400 of a networkingsystem. The network environment 2400 includes the networking system 104,a client device 2406, and a third-party system 2408 connected to eachother by a network 2404. Although FIG. 24 illustrates a particulararrangement of the networking system 104, the client device 2406, thethird-party system 2408, and the network 2404, this disclosurecontemplates any suitable arrangement of the devices, systems, andnetworks. For example, the client device 2406 and the networking system104 may be physically or logically co-located with each other in whole,or in part. Moreover, although FIG. 24 illustrates a single clientdevice 2406, the networking system 104, the third-party system 2408, andthe network 2404, this disclosure contemplates any suitable number ofdevices, systems, and networks. In some implementations, the networkingsystem 104 in FIG. 24 represents the networking system 104 introducedabove in connection with FIG. 1.

This disclosure contemplates any suitable network. For example, one ormore portions of the network 2404 may include an ad hoc network, anintranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local areanetwork (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), awireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of theInternet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), acellular telephone network, or a combination of two or more of these.The network 2404 may include one or more networks.

Links may connect the networking system 104, the client device 2406, andthe third-party system 2408 to the network 2404 or to each other. Inparticular implementations, one or more links include one or morewireline (e.g., Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or Data Over Cable ServiceInterface Specification (DOCSIS)), wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi or WorldwideInteroperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), or optical (e.g.,Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH)) links. In particular implementations, one or more links eachinclude an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, aWLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, a portion of the Internet, a portion of thePSTN, a cellular technology-based network, a satellite communicationstechnology-based network, another link, or a combination of two or moresuch links. Links need not necessarily be the same throughout thenetwork environment 2400. One or more first links may differ in one ormore respects from one or more second links.

In particular implementations, the client device 2406 may be anelectronic device including hardware, software, or embedded logiccomponents or a combination of two or more such components and capableof carrying out the appropriate functionalities implemented or supportedby the client device 2406. For example, the client device 2406 mayinclude any of the computing devices discussed above in relation to FIG.23. The client device 2406 may enable a network user to access thenetwork 2404. The client device 2406 may enable its user to communicatewith other users associated with other client devices.

In particular implementations, the client device 2406 may include a webbrowser, such as MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER, GOOGLE CHROME, MOZILLAFIREFOX, APPLE SAFARI, and may have one or more add-ons, plug-ins, orother extensions (e.g., toolbars). A user at the client device 2406 mayenter a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or other address directing theweb browser to a particular server (such as server, or a serverassociated with the third-party system 2408), and the web browser maygenerate a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) request and communicatethe HTTP request to server. The server may accept the HTTP request andcommunicate to the client device 2406 one or more Hypertext MarkupLanguage (HTML) files responsive to the HTTP request.

The client device 2406 may render a webpage based on the HTML files fromthe server for presentation to the user. For example, webpages mayrender from HTML files, Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)files, or Extensible Markup Language (XML) files, according toparticular needs. Such pages may also execute scripts such as thosewritten in JAVASCRIPT, JAVA, MICROSOFT SILVERLIGHT, combinations ofmarkup language and scripts such as AJAX (Asynchronous JAVASCRIPT andXML), and the like. Herein, reference to a webpage encompasses one ormore corresponding webpage files (which a browser may use to render thewebpage) and vice versa, where appropriate.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may be anetwork-addressable computing system that can host an online network ofusers (e.g., a social networking system or an electronic messagingsystem). In some implementations, such as the illustratedimplementation, the networking system 104 implements the live videostreaming system 106.

The networking system 104 may generate, store, receive, and sendnetworking data, such as user-profile data, concept-profile data, graphinformation (e.g., social-graph information), or other suitable datarelated to the online network of users. The networking system 104 may beaccessed by the other components of network environment 2400 eitherdirectly or via the network 2404. In particular implementations, thenetworking system 104 may include one or more servers. Each server maybe a unitary server or a distributed server spanning multiple computersor multiple datacenters. Servers may be of various types, such as webserver, news server, mail server, message server, advertising server,file server, application server, exchange server, database server, proxyserver, another server suitable for performing functions or processesdescribed herein, or any combination thereof.

In one or more implementations, each server may include hardware,software, or embedded logic components or a combination of two or moresuch components for carrying out the appropriate functionalitiesimplemented or supported by a server. In particular implementations, thenetworking system 104 may include one or more data stores. Data storesmay be used to store various types of information. In particularimplementations, the information stored in data stores may be organizedaccording to specific data structures. In particular implementations,each data store may be a relational, columnar, correlation, or anothersuitable database. Although this disclosure describes or illustratesparticular types of databases, this disclosure contemplates any suitabletypes of databases. Particular implementations may provide interfacesthat enable the networking system 104, the client device 2406, or thethird-party system 2408 to manage, retrieve, modify, add, or delete, theinformation stored in a data store.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may store oneor more social graphs in one or more data stores. In particularimplementations, a social graph may include multiple nodes-which mayinclude multiple user nodes (each corresponding to a particular user) ormultiple concept nodes (each corresponding to a particular concept)—andmultiple edges connecting the nodes. The networking system 104 mayprovide users of the online network of users the ability to communicateand interact with other users. In particular implementations, users mayjoin the online network of users via the networking system 104 and thenadd connections (e.g., relationships) to a number of other users of thenetworking system 104 whom they want to be connected to. Herein, theterm “friend” may refer to any other user of the networking system 104with whom a user has formed a connection, association, or relationshipvia the networking system 104.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may provideusers with the ability to take actions on various types of items orobjects, supported by the networking system 104. For example, the itemsand objects may include groups or social networks to which users of thenetworking system 104 may belong, events or calendar entries in which auser might be interested, computer-based applications that a user mayuse, transactions that allow users to buy or sell items via the service,interactions with advertisements that a user may perform, or othersuitable items or objects. A user may interact with anything that iscapable of being represented in the networking system 104 or by anexternal system of the third-party system 2408, which is separate fromthe networking system 104 and coupled to the networking system 104 viathe network 2404.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may be capableof linking a variety of entities. For example, the networking system 104may enable users to interact with each other as well as receive contentfrom the third-party systems 2408 or other entities, or to allow usersto interact with these entities through an application programminginterfaces (API) or other communication channels.

In particular implementations, the third-party system 2408 may includeone or more types of servers, one or more data stores, one or moreinterfaces, including but not limited to APIs, one or more web services,one or more content sources, one or more networks, or any other suitablecomponents, e.g., that servers may communicate with. The third-partysystem 2408 may be operated by a different entity from an entityoperating the networking system 104. In particular implementations,however, the networking system 104 and the third-party systems 2408 mayoperate in conjunction with each other to provide social networkingservices to users of the networking system 104 or the third-partysystems 2408. In this sense, the networking system 104 may provide aplatform, or backbone, which other systems, such as the third-partysystems 2408, may use to provide social networking services andfunctionality to users across the Internet.

In particular implementations, the third-party system 2408 may include athird-party content object provider. A third-party content objectprovider may include one or more sources of content objects, which maybe communicated to a client device 2406. For example, content objectsmay include information regarding things or activities of interest tothe user, such as movie showtimes, movie reviews, restaurant reviews,restaurant menus, product information and reviews, or other suitableinformation. As another example and not by way of limitation, contentobjects may include incentive content objects, such as coupons, discounttickets, gift certificates, or other suitable incentive objects.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 also includesuser-generated content objects, which may enhance a user's interactionswith the networking system 104. User-generated content may includeanything a user can add, upload, send, or “post” to the networkingsystem 104. For example, a user communicates posts to the networkingsystem 104 from a client device 2406. Posts may include data such asstatus updates or other textual data, location information, photos,videos, links, music or other similar data or media. Content may also beadded to the networking system 104 by a third-party through a“communication channel,” such as a newsfeed or stream.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may include avariety of servers, sub-systems, programs, modules, logs, and datastores. In particular implementations, the networking system 104 mayinclude one or more of the following: a web server, action logger,API-request server, relevance-and-ranking engine, content-objectclassifier, notification controller, action log,third-party-content-object-exposure log, inference module,authorization/privacy server, search module, advertisement-targetingmodule, user-interface module, user-profile store, connection store,third-party content store, or location store. The networking system 104may also include suitable components such as network interfaces,security mechanisms, load balancers, failover servers,management-and-network-operations consoles, other suitable components,or any suitable combination thereof. In particular implementations, thenetworking system 104 may include one or more user-profile stores forstoring user profiles. A user profile may include, for example,biographic information, demographic information, behavioral information,social information, or other types of descriptive information, such aswork experience, educational history, hobbies or preferences, interests,affinities, or location. Interest information may include interestsrelated to one or more categories. Categories may be general orspecific. For example, if a user “likes” an article about a brand ofshoes the category may be the brand, or the general category of “shoes”or “clothing.” A connection store may be used for storing connectioninformation about users. The connection information may indicate userswho have similar or common work experience, group memberships, hobbies,educational history, or are in any way related or share commonattributes. The connection information may also include user-definedconnections between different users and content (both internal andexternal). A web server may be used for linking the networking system104 to one or more client device 2406 or one or more the third-partysystem 2408 via the network 2404. The web server may include a mailserver or other messaging functionality for receiving and routingmessages between the networking system 104 and one or more client device2406. An API-request server may allow the third-party system 2408 toaccess information from the networking system 104 by calling one or moreAPIs. An action logger may be used to receive communications from a webserver about a user's actions on or off networking system 104. Inconjunction with the action log, a third-party-content-object log may bemaintained of user exposures to third-party-content objects. Anotification controller may provide information regarding contentobjects to a client device 2406. Information may be pushed to a clientdevice 2406 as notifications, or information may be pulled from clientdevice 2406 responsive to a request received from client device 2406.Authorization servers may be used to enforce one or more privacysettings of the users of the networking system 104. A privacy setting ofa user determines how particular information associated with a user canbe shared. The authorization server may allow users to opt in to or optout of having their actions logged by the networking system 104 orshared with other systems (e.g., the third-party system 2408), such asby setting appropriate privacy settings. Third-party-content-objectstores may be used to store content objects received from third parties,such as the third-party system 2408. Location stores may be used forstoring location information received from client device 2406 associatedwith users. Advertisement-pricing modules may combine socialinformation, the current time, location information, or other suitableinformation to provide relevant advertisements, in the form ofnotifications, to a user.

FIG. 25 illustrates example social graph 2500. In particularimplementations, the networking system 104 may store one or more socialgraphs 2500 in one or more data stores. In particular implementations,social graph 2500 may include multiple nodes-which may include multipleuser nodes 2502 or multiple concept nodes 2504—and multiple edges 2506connecting the nodes. Example social graph 2500 illustrated in FIG. 25is shown, for didactic purposes, in a two-dimensional visual maprepresentation. In particular implementations, the networking system104, the client device 2406, or the third-party system 2408 may accesssocial graph 2500 and related social-graph information for suitableapplications. The nodes and edges of social graph 2500 may be stored asdata objects, for example, in a data store (such as a social-graphdatabase). Such a data store may include one or more searchable orquarriable indexes of nodes or edges of social graph 2500.

In particular implementations, a user node 2502 may correspond to a userof the networking system 104. For example, a user may be an individual(human user), an entity (e.g., an enterprise, business, or third-partyapplication), or a group (e.g., of individuals or entities) thatinteracts or communicates with or over networking system 104. Inparticular implementations, when a user registers for an account withthe networking system 104, the networking system 104 may create a usernode 2502 corresponding to the user and store the user node 2502 in oneor more data stores. Users and user nodes 2502 described herein may,where appropriate, refer to registered users and user nodes 2502associated with registered users. In addition, or as an alternative,users and user nodes 2502 described herein may, where appropriate, referto users that have not registered with the networking system 104. Inparticular implementations, a user node 2502 may be associated withinformation provided by a user or information gathered by varioussystems, including the networking system 104. For example, a user mayprovide his or her name, profile picture, contact information, birthdate, sex, marital status, family status, employment, educationbackground, preferences, interests, or other demographic information.Each user node of the social graph may have a corresponding web page(typically known as a profile page). In response to a request includinga user name, the social networking system can access a user nodecorresponding to the user name, and construct a profile page includingthe name, a profile picture, and other information associated with theuser. A profile page of a first user may display to a second user all ora portion of the first user's information based on one or more privacysettings by the first user and the relationship between the first userand the second user.

In particular implementations, a concept node 2504 may correspond to aconcept. For example, a concept may correspond to a place (e.g., a movietheater, restaurant, landmark, or city); a website (e.g., a websiteassociated with networking system 104 or a third-party websiteassociated with a web-application server); an entity (e.g., a person,business, group, sports team, or celebrity); a resource (e.g., an audiofile, video file, digital photo, text file, structured document, orapplication) which may be located within the networking system 104 or onan external server, such as a web-application server; real orintellectual property (e.g., a sculpture, painting, movie, game, song,idea, photograph, or written work); a game; an activity; an idea ortheory; another suitable concept; or two or more such concepts. Aconcept node 2504 may be associated with information of a conceptprovided by a user or information gathered by various systems, includingthe networking system 104. For example, information of a concept mayinclude a name or a title; one or more images (e.g., an image of thecover page of a book); a location (e.g., an address or a geographicallocation); a website (which may be associated with a URL); contactinformation (e.g., a phone number or an email address); other suitableconcept information; or any suitable combination of such information. Inparticular implementations, a concept node 2504 may be associated withone or more data objects corresponding to information associated withconcept node 2504. In particular implementations, a concept node 2504may correspond to one or more webpages.

In particular implementations, a node in the social graph 2500 mayrepresent or be represented by a webpage (which may be referred to as a“profile page”). Profile pages may be hosted by or accessible to thenetworking system 104. Profile pages may also be hosted on third-partywebsites associated with a third-party system 2408. For example, aprofile page corresponding to a particular external webpage may be theparticular external webpage, and the profile page may correspond to aparticular concept node 2504. Profile pages may be viewable by all or aselected subset of other users. For example, a user node 2502 may have acorresponding user-profile page in which the corresponding user may addcontent, make declarations, or otherwise express himself or herself. Asanother example and not by way of limitation, a concept node 2504 mayhave a corresponding concept-profile page in which one or more users mayadd content, make declarations, or express themselves, particularly inrelation to the concept corresponding to concept node 2504.

In particular implementations, a concept node 2504 may represent athird-party webpage or resource hosted by the third-party system 2408.The third-party webpage or resource may include, among other elements,content, a selectable or another icon, or another inter-actable object(which may be implemented, for example, in JavaScript, AJAX, or PHPcodes) representing an action or activity. For example, a third-partywebpage may include a selectable icon such as “like,” “check-in,” “eat,”“recommend,” or another suitable action or activity. A user viewing thethird-party webpage may perform an action by selecting one of the icons(e.g., “eat”), causing a client device 2406 to send to the networkingsystem 104 a message indicating the user's action. In response to themessage, the networking system 104 may create an edge (e.g., an “eat”edge) between a user node 2502 corresponding to the user and a conceptnode 2504 corresponding to the third-party webpage or resource and storeedge 2506 in one or more data stores.

In particular implementations, a pair of nodes in the social graph 2500may be connected to each other by one or more edges 2506. An edge 2506connecting a pair of nodes may represent a relationship between the pairof nodes. In particular implementations, an edge 2506 may include orrepresent one or more data objects or attributes corresponding to therelationship between a pair of nodes. For example, a first user mayindicate that a second user is a “friend” of the first user. In responseto this indication, the networking system 104 may send a “friendrequest” to the second user.

If the second user confirms the “friend request,” networking system 104may create an edge 2506 connecting the first user's user node 2502 tothe second user's user node 2502 in the social graph 2500 and store edge2506 as social-graph information in one or more of data stores. In theexample of FIG. 25, social graph 2500 includes an edge 2506 indicating afriend relation between user nodes 2502 of user “A” and user “B” and anedge indicating a friend relation between user nodes 2502 of user “C”and user “B.” Although this disclosure describes or illustratesparticular edges 2506 with particular attributes connecting particularuser nodes 2502, this disclosure contemplates any suitable edges 2506with any suitable attributes connecting user nodes 2502. For example, anedge 2506 may represent a friendship, family relationship, business oremployment relationship, fan relationship, follower relationship,visitor relationship, subscriber relationship, superior/subordinaterelationship, reciprocal relationship, non-reciprocal relationship,another suitable type of relationship, or two or more suchrelationships. Moreover, although this disclosure generally describesnodes as being connected, this disclosure also describes users orconcepts as being connected. Herein, references to users or conceptsbeing connected may, where appropriate, refer to the nodes correspondingto those users or concepts being connected in the social graph 2500 byone or more edges 2506.

In particular implementations, an edge 2506 between a user node 2502 anda concept node 2504 may represent a particular action or activityperformed by a user associated with user node 2502 toward a conceptassociated with a concept node 2504. For example, as illustrated in FIG.25, a user may “like,” “attended,” “played,” “listened,” “cooked,”“worked at,” or “watched” a concept, each of which may correspond to anedge type or subtype. A concept-profile page corresponding to a conceptnode 2504 may include, for example, a selectable “check-in” icon (e.g.,a clickable “check-in” icon) or a selectable “add to favorites” icon.Similarly, after a user clicks these icons, the networking system 104may create a “favorite” edge or a “check-in” edge in response to auser's action corresponding to a respective action.

As another example and not by way of limitation, a user (user “C”) maylisten to a particular song (“Ramble On”) using a particular application(SPOTIFY, which is an online music application). In this case, thenetworking system 104 may create a “listened” edge 2506 and a “used”edge (as illustrated in FIG. 25) between user nodes 2502 correspondingto the user and concept nodes 2504 corresponding to the song andapplication to indicate that the user listened to the song and used theapplication.

Moreover, the networking system 104 may create a “played” edge 2506 (asillustrated in FIG. 25) between concept nodes 2504 corresponding to thesong and the application to indicate that the particular song was playedby the particular application. In this case, “played” edge 2506corresponds to an action performed by an external application (SPOTIFY)on an external audio file (the song “Imagine”). Although this disclosuredescribes particular edges 2506 with particular attributes connectinguser nodes 2502 and concept nodes 2504, this disclosure contemplates anysuitable edges 2506 with any suitable attributes connecting user nodes2502 and concept nodes 2504.

Furthermore, although this disclosure describes edges between a usernode 2502 and a concept node 2504 representing a single relationship,this disclosure contemplates edges between a user node 2502 and aconcept node 2504 representing one or more relationships. For example,an edge 2506 may represent both that a user likes and has used at aparticular concept. Alternatively, another edge 2506 may represent eachtype of relationship (or multiples of a single relationship) between auser node 2502 and a concept node 2504 (as illustrated in FIG. 25between user node 2502 for user “E” and concept node 2504 for“SPOTIFY”).

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may create anedge 2506 between a user node 2502 and a concept node 2504 in the socialgraph 2500. For example, a user viewing a concept-profile page (e.g., byusing a web browser or a special-purpose application hosted by theuser's client device 2406) may indicate that he or she likes the conceptrepresented by the concept node 2504 by clicking or selecting a “Like”icon, which may cause the user's client device 2406 to send to thenetworking system 104 a message indicating the user's liking of theconcept associated with the concept-profile page.

In response to the message, the networking system 104 may create an edge2506 between user node 2502 associated with the user and concept node2504, as illustrated by “like” edge 2506 between the user and conceptnode 2504. In particular implementations, the networking system 104 maystore an edge 2506 in one or more data stores. In particularimplementations, an edge 2506 may be automatically formed by thenetworking system 104 in response to a particular user action. Forexample, if a first user uploads a picture, watches a movie, or listensto a song, an edge 2506 may be formed between user node 2502corresponding to the first user and concept nodes 2504 corresponding tothose concepts. Although this disclosure describes forming particularedges 2506 in particular manners, this disclosure contemplates formingany suitable edges 2506 in any suitable manner.

In particular implementations, an advertisement may be text (which maybe HTML-linked), one or more images (which may be HTML-linked), one ormore videos, audio, one or more ADOBE FLASH files, a suitablecombination of these, or any other suitable advertisement in anysuitable digital format presented on one or more webpages, in one ormore e-mails, or in connection with search results requested by a user.In addition, or as an alternative, an advertisement may be one or moresponsored stories (e.g., a news-feed or ticker item on the networkingsystem 104)

A sponsored story may be a social action by a user (such as “liking” apage, “liking” or commenting on a post on a page, RSVPing to an eventassociated with a page, voting on a question posted on a page, checkingin to a place, using an application or playing a game, or “liking” orsharing a website) that an advertiser promotes, for example, by havingthe social action presented within a predetermined area of a profilepage of a user or other page, presented with additional informationassociated with the advertiser, bumped up or otherwise highlightedwithin news feeds or tickers of other users, or otherwise promoted. Theadvertiser may pay to have the social action promoted. For example,advertisements may be included among the search results of asearch-results page, where sponsored content is promoted overnon-sponsored content.

In particular implementations, an advertisement may be requested fordisplay within social networking system webpages, third-party webpages,or other pages. An advertisement may be displayed in a dedicated portionof a page, such as in a banner area at the top of the page, in a columnat the side of the page, in a GUI of the page, in a pop-up window, in adrop-down menu, in an input field of the page, over the top of contentof the page, or elsewhere with respect to the page. In addition, or asan alternative, an advertisement may be displayed within an application.An advertisement may be displayed within dedicated pages, requiring theuser to interact with or watch the advertisement before the user mayaccess a page or utilize an application. For example, the user may viewthe advertisement through a web browser.

A user may interact with an advertisement in any suitable manner. Theuser may click or otherwise select the advertisement. By selecting theadvertisement, the user may be directed to (or a browser or otherapplication being used by the user) a page associated with theadvertisement. At the page associated with the advertisement, the usermay take additional actions, such as purchasing a product or serviceassociated with the advertisement, receiving information associated withthe advertisement, or subscribing to a newsletter associated with theadvertisement. An advertisement with audio or video may be played byselecting a component of the advertisement (like a “play button”).Alternatively, by selecting the advertisement, the networking system 104may execute or modify a particular action of the user.

An advertisement may also include social networking-system functionalitythat a user may interact with. For example, an advertisement may enablea user to “like” or otherwise endorse the advertisement by selecting anicon or link associated with the endorsement. As another example and notby way of limitation, an advertisement may enable a user to search(e.g., by executing a query) for content related to the advertiser.Similarly, a user may share the advertisement with another user (e.g.,through the networking system 104) or RSVP (e.g., through the networkingsystem 104) to an event associated with the advertisement. In addition,or as an alternative, an advertisement may include a social networkingsystem context directed to the user. For example, an advertisement maydisplay information about a friend of the user within the networkingsystem 104 who has taken an action associated with the subject matter ofthe advertisement.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may determinethe social-graph affinity (which may be referred to herein as“affinity”) of various social-graph entities for each other. Affinitymay represent the strength of a relationship or level of interestbetween particular objects associated with the online network of users,such as users, concepts, content, actions, advertisements, other objectsassociated with the online network of users, or any suitable combinationthereof. Affinity may also be determined with respect to objectsassociated with the third-party systems 2408 or other suitable systems.An overall affinity for a social-graph entity for each user, subjectmatter, or type of content may be established. The overall affinity maychange based on continued monitoring of the actions or relationshipsassociated with the social-graph entity. Although this disclosuredescribes determining particular affinities in a particular manner, thisdisclosure contemplates determining any suitable affinities in anysuitable manner.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may measure orquantify social-graph affinity using an affinity coefficient (which maybe referred to herein as “coefficient”). The coefficient may representor quantify the strength of a relationship between particular objectsassociated with the online network of users. The coefficient may alsorepresent a probability or function that measures a predictedprobability that a user will perform a particular action based on theuser's interest in the action. In this way, a user's future actions maybe predicted based on the user's prior actions, where the coefficientmay be calculated at least in part based on the history of the user'sactions. Coefficients may be used to predict any number of actions,which may be within or outside of the online network of users. Forexample, these actions may include various types of communications, suchas sending messages, posting content, or commenting on content; varioustypes of an observation actions, such as accessing or viewing profilepages, media, or other suitable content; various types of coincidenceinformation about two or more social-graph entities, such as being inthe same group, tagged in the same photograph, checked-in at the samelocation, or attending the same event; or other suitable actions.Although this disclosure describes measuring affinity in a particularmanner, this disclosure contemplates measuring affinity in any suitablemanner.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may use avariety of factors to calculate a coefficient. These factors mayinclude, for example, user actions, types of relationships betweenobjects, location information, other suitable factors, or anycombination thereof. In particular implementations, different factorsmay be weighted differently when calculating the coefficient. Theweights for each factor may be static, or the weights may changeaccording to, for example, the user, the type of relationship, the typeof action, the user's location, and so forth. Ratings for the factorsmay be combined according to their weights to determine an overallcoefficient for the user. For example, particular user actions may beassigned both a rating and a weight while a relationship associated withthe particular user action is assigned a rating and a correlating weight(e.g., so the weights total 100%). To calculate the coefficient of auser towards a particular object, the rating assigned to the user'sactions may comprise, for example, 60% of the overall coefficient, whilethe relationship between the user and the object may comprise 40% of theoverall coefficient. In particular implementations, the networkingsystem 104 may consider a variety of variables when determining weightsfor various factors used to calculate a coefficient, such as, forexample, the time since information was accessed, decay factors,frequency of access, relationship to information or relationship to theobject about which information was accessed, relationship tosocial-graph entities connected to the object, short- or long-termaverages of user actions, user feedback, other suitable variables, orany combination thereof. For example, a coefficient may include a decayfactor that causes the strength of the signal provided by particularactions to decay with time, such that more recent actions are morerelevant when calculating the coefficient. The ratings and weights maybe continuously updated based on continued tracking of the actions uponwhich the coefficient is based. Any type of process or algorithm may beemployed for assigning, combining, averaging, and so forth the ratingsfor each factor and the weights assigned to the factors. In particularimplementations, the networking system 104 may determine coefficientsusing machine-learning algorithms trained on historical actions and pastuser responses, or data farmed from users by exposing them to variousoptions and measuring responses. Although this disclosure describescalculating coefficients in a particular manner, this disclosurecontemplates calculating coefficients in any suitable manner.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may calculate acoefficient based on a user's actions. The networking system 104 maymonitor such actions on the online network of users, on the third-partysystem 2408, on other suitable systems, or any combination thereof. Anysuitable type of user actions may be tracked or monitored. Typical useractions include viewing profile pages, creating or posting content,interacting with content, joining groups, listing and confirmingattendance at events, checking-in at locations, liking particular pages,creating pages, and performing other tasks that facilitate socialaction. In particular implementations, the networking system 104 maycalculate a coefficient based on the user's actions with particulartypes of content. The content may be associated with the online networkof users, the third-party system 2408, or another suitable system. Thecontent may include users, profile pages, posts, news stories,headlines, instant messages, chat room conversations, emails,advertisements, pictures, video, music, other suitable objects, or anycombination thereof. The networking system 104 may analyze a user'sactions to determine whether one or more of the actions indicate anaffinity for the subject matter, content, other users, and so forth. Forexample, if a user may make frequently posts content related to “coffee”or variants thereof, the networking system 104 may determine the userhas a high coefficient with respect to the concept “coffee.” Particularactions or types of actions may be assigned a higher weight and/orrating than other actions, which may affect the overall calculatedcoefficient. For example, if a first user emails a second user, theweight or the rating for the action may be higher than if the first userviews the user-profile page for the second user.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may calculate acoefficient based on the type of relationship between particularobjects. Referencing the social graph 2500, the networking system 104may analyze the number and/or type of edges 2506 connecting particularuser nodes 2502 and concept nodes 2504 when calculating a coefficient.For example, user nodes 2502 that are connected by a spouse-type edge(representing that the two users are married) may be assigned a highercoefficient than a user nodes 2502 that are connected by a friend-typeedge. In other words, depending upon the weights assigned to the actionsand relationships for the particular user, the overall affinity may bedetermined to be higher for content about the user's spouse than forcontent about the user's friend.

In particular implementations, the relationships a user has with anotherobject may affect the weights and/or the ratings of the user's actionswith respect to calculating the coefficient for that object. Forexample, if a user is tagged in a first photo, but merely likes a secondphoto, the networking system 104 may determine that the user has ahigher coefficient with respect to the first photo than the second photobecause having a tagged-in-type relationship with content may beassigned a higher weight and/or rating than having a like-typerelationship with content.

In some implementations, the networking system 104 may calculate acoefficient for a first user based on the relationship one or moresecond users have with a particular object. In other words, theconnections and coefficients other users have with an object may affectthe first user's coefficient for the object. For example, if a firstuser is connected to or has a high coefficient for one or more secondusers, and those second users are connected to or have a highcoefficient for a particular object, the networking system 104 maydetermine that the first user should also have a relatively highcoefficient for the particular object.

In one or more implementations, the coefficient may be based on thedegree of separation between particular objects. The degree ofseparation between any two nodes is defined as the minimum number ofhops required to traverse the social graph from one node to the other. Adegree of separation between two nodes can be considered a measure ofrelatedness between the users or the concepts represented by the twonodes in the social graph. For example, two users having user nodes thatare directly connected by an edge (i.e., are first-degree nodes) may bedescribed as “connected users” or “friends.”

Similarly, two users having user nodes that are connected only throughanother user node (i.e., are second-degree nodes) may be described as“friends of friends.” The lower coefficient may represent the decreasinglikelihood that the first user will share an interest in content objectsof the user that is indirectly connected to the first user in the socialgraph 2500. For example, social-graph entities that are closer in thesocial graph 2500 (i.e., fewer degrees of separation) may have a highercoefficient than entities that are further apart in the social graph2500.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may calculate acoefficient based on location information. Objects that aregeographically closer to each other may be considered to be morerelated, or of more interest, to each other than more distant objects.In some implementations, the coefficient of a user towards a particularobject may be based on the proximity of the object's location to acurrent location associated with the user (or the location of a clientdevice 2406 of the user). A first user may be more interested in otherusers or concepts that are closer to the first user. For example, if auser is one mile from an airport and two miles from a gas station, thenetworking system 104 may determine that the user has a highercoefficient for the airport than the gas station based on the proximityof the airport to the user.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may performparticular actions with respect to a user based on coefficientinformation. Coefficients may be used to predict whether a user willperform a particular action based on the user's interest in the action.A coefficient may be used when generating or presenting any type ofobjects to a user, such as advertisements, search results, news stories,media, messages, notifications, or other suitable objects. Thecoefficient may also be utilized to rank and order such objects, asappropriate. In this way, the networking system 104 may provideinformation that is relevant to a user's interests and currentcircumstances, increasing the likelihood that they will find suchinformation of interest.

In some implementations, the networking system 104 may generate contentbased on coefficient information. Content objects may be provided orselected based on coefficients specific to a user. For example, thecoefficient may be used to generate media for the user, where the usermay be presented with media for which the user has a high overallcoefficient with respect to the media object. As another example and notby way of limitation, the coefficient may be used to generateadvertisements for the user, where the user may be presented withadvertisements for which the user has a high overall coefficient withrespect to the advertised object.

In one or more implementations, the networking system 104 may generatesearch results based on coefficient information. The search results fora particular user may be scored or ranked based on the coefficientassociated with the search results with respect to the querying user.For example, search results corresponding to objects with highercoefficients may be ranked higher on a search-results page than resultscorresponding to objects having lower coefficients.

In particular implementations, the networking system 104 may calculate acoefficient in response to a request for a coefficient from a particularsystem or process. To predict the likely actions a user may take (or maybe the subject of) in a given situation, any process may request acalculated coefficient for a user. The request may also include a set ofweights to use for various factors used to calculate the coefficient.This request may come from a process running on the online network ofusers, from the third-party system 2408 (e.g., via an API or anothercommunication channel), or from another suitable system. In response tothe request, the networking system 104 may calculate the coefficient (oraccess the coefficient information if it has previously been calculatedand stored).

In various implementations, the networking system 104 may measure anaffinity with respect to a particular process. Different processes (bothinternal and external to the online network of users) may request acoefficient for a particular object or set of objects. The networkingsystem 104 may provide a measure of affinity that is relevant to theparticular process that requested the measure of affinity. In this way,each process receives a measure of affinity that is tailored for thedifferent context in which the process will use the measure of affinity.

In connection with social-graph affinity and affinity coefficients,particular implementations may utilize one or more systems, components,elements, functions, methods, operations, or steps disclosed in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 11/503,093, filed Aug. 11, 2006, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/977,027, filed Dec. 22, 2010, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/978,265, filed Dec. 23, 2010, and U.S. PatentApplication No. 23/632869, filed Oct. 1, 2012, each of which isincorporated by reference in their entirety.

In particular implementations, one or more of the content objects of theonline network of users may be associated with a privacy setting. Theprivacy settings (or “access settings”) for an object may be stored inany suitable manner, such as, for example, in association with theobject, in an index on an authorization server, in another suitablemanner, or any combination thereof. A privacy setting of an object mayspecify how the object (or particular information associated with anobject) can be accessed (e.g., viewed or shared) using the onlinenetwork of users. Where the privacy settings for an object allow aparticular user to access that object, the object may be described asbeing “visible” with respect to that user. For example, a user of theonline network of users may specify privacy settings for a user-profilepage identify a set of users that may access the work experienceinformation on the user-profile page, thus excluding other users fromaccessing the information.

In particular implementations, the privacy settings may specify a“blocked list” of users that should not be allowed to access certaininformation associated with the object. In other words, the blocked listmay specify one or more users or entities for which an object is notvisible. For example, a user may specify a set of users that may notaccess photos albums associated with the user, thus excluding thoseusers from accessing the photo albums (while also possibly allowingcertain users not within the set of users to access the photo albums).In particular implementations, privacy settings may be associated withparticular social-graph elements. Privacy settings of a social-graphelement, such as a node or an edge, may specify how the social-graphelement, information associated with the social-graph element, orcontent objects associated with the social-graph element can be accessedusing the online network of users. For example, a particular conceptnode 2504 corresponding to a particular photo may have a privacy settingspecifying that the photo may only be accessed by users tagged in thephoto and their friends.

In particular implementations, privacy settings may allow users to optin or opt out of having their actions logged by the networking system104 or shared with other systems (e.g., the third-party system 2408). Inparticular implementations, the privacy settings associated with anobject may specify any suitable granularity of permitted access ordenial of access. For example, access or denial of access may bespecified for particular users (e.g., only me, my roommates, and myboss), users within a particular degrees-of-separation (e.g., friends,or friends-of-friends), user groups (e.g., the gaming club, my family),user networks (e.g., employees of particular employers, students oralumni of particular university), all users (“public”), no users(“private”), users of the third-party systems 2408, particularapplications (e.g., third-party applications, external websites), othersuitable users or entities, or any combination thereof. Although thisdisclosure describes using particular privacy settings in a particularmanner, this disclosure contemplates using any suitable privacy settingsin any suitable manner.

In particular implementations, one or more servers may beauthorization/privacy servers for enforcing privacy settings. Inresponse to a request from a user (or other entity) for a particularobject stored in a data store, the networking system 104 may send arequest to the data store for the object. The request may identify theuser associated with the request and may only be sent to the user (or aclient device 2406 of the user) if the authorization server determinesthat the user is authorized to access the object based on the privacysettings associated with the object. If the requesting user is notauthorized to access the object, the authorization server may preventthe requested object from being retrieved from the data store or mayprevent the requested object from being sent to the user.

In the search query context, an object may only be generated as a searchresult if the querying user is authorized to access the object. In otherwords, the object must have a visibility that is visible to the queryinguser. If the object has a visibility that is not visible to the user,the object may be excluded from the search results. Although thisdisclosure describes enforcing privacy settings in a particular manner,this disclosure contemplates enforcing privacy settings in any suitablemanner.

The foregoing specification is described with reference to specificexample implementations thereof. Various implementations and aspects ofthe disclosure are described with reference to details discussed herein,and the accompanying drawings illustrate the various implementations.The description above and drawings are illustrative and are not to beconstrued as limiting. Numerous specific details are described toprovide a thorough understanding of various implementations.

The additional or alternative implementations may be embodied in otherspecific forms without departing from its spirit or essentialcharacteristics. The described implementations are to be considered inall respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of theinvention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than bythe foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning andrange of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within theirscope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:receiving, at a server device, a plurality of live video streams from aplurality of participant devices; detecting, from a first participantdevice of the plurality of participant devices, a user interactioncomprising a selection of a graphical live broadcast element within adigital preparation room interface that provides a combined live videostream to the plurality of participant devices and is displayed on thefirst participant device, wherein the combined live video streamcomprises the plurality of live video streams; based on detecting theselection of the graphical live broadcast element displayed within thedigital preparation room interface, converting the digital preparationroom interface provided to the plurality of participant devices into apublic combined live video stream interface comprising the combined livevideo stream; detecting that the combined live video stream is ended;and based on detecting that the combined live video stream is ended,providing a resume live video stream option for the first participantdevice to resume the combined live video stream that upon selectionresumes the combined live video stream.
 2. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, further comprising: receiving a selection of theresume live video stream option from the first participant device; andbased on receiving the selection of the resume live video stream option,resuming the ended combined live video stream and the public combinedlive video stream interface.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim1, further comprising detecting that the combined live video streamended from a disconnection of one or more participant devices of theplurality of participant devices.
 4. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 1, further comprising automatically initiating the resume livevideo stream option for the first participant device to resume thecombined live video stream.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim1, further comprising storing a recording of the combined live videostream upon detecting that the combined live video stream is ended. 6.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:detecting that the combined live video stream ended from alive videostream from the first participant device being removed from the combinedlive video stream; providing the resume live video stream option for thefirst participant device to resume the combined live video stream byreentering the combined live video stream; and based on receiving theselection of the resume live video stream option, adding the live videostream from the first participant device to the combined live videostream.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, furthercomprising generating, at the server device, a digitalpost-participation room for the first participant device removed fromthe combined live video stream.
 8. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 1, further comprising, based on receiving a selection of theresume live video stream option, resuming the ended combined live videostream with settings from the ended combined live video stream at a lastdetected timestamp of the ended combined live video stream.
 9. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving,at the server device, an additional live video stream from a pendingparticipant device; and generating, at the server device, a digitalwaiting room by: generating a digital waiting room live video streamcomprising the additional live video stream from the pending participantdevice; and providing, for display at the pending participant device, adigital waiting room interface that comprises the combined live videostream and the digital waiting room live video stream while continuingto provide the public combined live video stream interface to theplurality of participant devices, wherein the digital waiting roominterface is different from the public combined live video streaminterface.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, furthercomprising: before broadcasting the combined live video stream to aplurality of non-participant viewer devices, providing, for display atthe first participant device, a live broadcast user interface thatcomprises broadcast participation elements indicating one or moreparticipation triggers for participant devices to participate in thecombined live video stream; based on receiving a selection of abroadcast participation element from the first participant device,identifying a participation trigger, wherein the participation triggercomprises at least one of a trigger for adding a participant device tothe combined live video stream, a trigger for removing a participantdevice from the combined live video stream, a trigger for transitioninga participant device from a digital preparation room to the combinedlive video stream, a trigger for transitioning a participant device froma digital waiting room to the combined live video stream, or a triggerfor transitioning a participant device from the combined live videostream to a post-participation room; and broadcasting the combined livevideo stream to the plurality of non-participant viewer devices inaccordance with the participation trigger.
 11. A system comprising: atleast one processor; and at least one non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the system to: receive, at a server device, aplurality of live video streams from a plurality of participant devices;detect, from a first participant device of the plurality of participantdevices, a user interaction comprising a selection of a graphical livebroadcast element within a digital preparation room interface thatprovides a combined live video stream to the plurality of participantdevices and is displayed on the first participant device, wherein thecombined live video stream comprises the plurality of live videostreams; based on detecting the selection of the graphical livebroadcast element displayed within the digital preparation roominterface, convert the digital preparation room interface provided tothe plurality of participant devices into a public combined live videostream interface comprising the combined live video stream; detect thatthe combined live video stream is ended; and based on detecting that thecombined live video stream is ended, provide a resume live video streamoption for the first participant device to resume the combined livevideo stream that upon selection resumes the combined live video stream.12. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions that, whenexecuted by the at least one processor, cause the system to: receive aselection of the resume live video stream option from the firstparticipant device; and based on receiving the selection of the resumelive video stream option, resume the ended combined live video streamand the public combined live video stream interface.
 13. The system ofclaim 11, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the atleast one processor, cause the system to detect that the combined livevideo stream ended from a disconnection of one or more participantdevices of the plurality of participant devices.
 14. The system of claim11, further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, cause the system to store a recording of the combinedlive video stream upon detecting that the combined live video stream isended.
 15. The system of claim 11, further comprising instructions that,when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to: detectthat the combined live video stream ended from a live video stream fromthe first participant device being removed from the combined live videostream; provide the resume live video stream option for the firstparticipant device to resume the combined live video stream byreentering the combined live video stream; and based on receiving theselection of the resume live video stream option, add the live videostream from the first participant device to the combined live videostream.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storinginstructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause acomputer system to: receive, at a server device, a plurality of livevideo streams from a plurality of participant devices; detect, from afirst participant device of the plurality of participant devices, a userinteraction comprising a selection of a graphical live broadcast elementwithin a digital preparation room interface that provides a combinedlive video stream to the plurality of participant devices and isdisplayed on the first participant device, wherein the combined livevideo stream comprises the plurality of live video streams; based ondetecting the selection of the graphical live broadcast elementdisplayed within the digital preparation room interface, convert thedigital preparation room interface provided to the plurality ofparticipant devices into a public combined live video stream interfacecomprising the combined live video stream; detect that the combined livevideo stream is ended; and based on detecting that the combined livevideo stream is ended, provide a resume live video stream option for thefirst participant device to resume the combined live video stream thatupon selection resumes the combined live video stream.
 17. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, further comprisinginstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causethe computer system to: receive a selection of the resume live videostream option from the first participant device; and based on receivingthe selection of the resume live video stream option, resume the endedcombined live video stream and the public combined live video streaminterface.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16,further comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, cause the computer system to detect that the combined livevideo stream ended from a disconnection of one or more participantdevices of the plurality of participant devices.
 19. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 16, further comprising instructionsthat, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computersystem to store a recording of the combined live video stream upondetecting that the combined live video stream is ended.
 20. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, further comprisinginstructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causethe computer system to, based on receiving a selection of the resumelive video stream option, resuming the ended combined live video streamwith settings from the ended combined live video stream at a lastdetected timestamp of the ended combined live video stream.